Publications
Chromatographic Separation and Identification of Many Chemical Compositions and Antibacterial Activity of Laurus nobilis
Oct 1, 2026Journal AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY AND BIOENGINEERING
Publisher AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY AND BIOENGINEERING
DOI DOI: 10.51699/ajbb.v3i1.1910
Issue 3 (1)
Volume 3 (1)
Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening leaves of Laurus nobilis , It was included the separation and identification of some active constituents from the leaves of Laurus nobilis and their activities were tested against some types of gram positive, gram negative bacteria. The active constituents were separated through Soxhlet and Column Chromatography (CC) and The column was eluted using petroleum - ether-ethyl acetate at 10:1 V/V intervals to separate various terpene compounds and fatty acids of L1F1 extract from Laurel leaves, As 20 active compounds were diagnosed by a device GCMS analysis technique, an of them (Terpinen-4-ol, . Linalool, gamma.-Terpinene, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptol, alpha.-Terpinyl acetate)and separating of some free phenolic compounds. As 6 Phenolic compounds (Luteolin, Kaempferol, Kaempferol, Qurcetine, Rutin, Apigenin, P. Coumaric acid) were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The active separated compounds (terpene ,fatty acids, phenolics), each according to it's separation and purification, showed a different inhibitory effect against the micro-organisms (m.o) under study by using Disc Diffusion Method.
GC-MS Analysis and Identification of Many Chemical Composition and antioxidant activity of Ruta graveolens L
Feb 23, 2026Journal GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Publisher GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
DOI DOI: 10.30574/gscbps
Issue 34(02)
Volume 34(02)
This study aims to extract the terpene active compounds from the nodules of Ruta graveolens L. plant, using hexane solvent, and then characterize the extracted chemical components using GC-MS technology, with evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the resulting compounds. (14) terpene compounds were identified, including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. It was observed that short-chain fatty acids appeared with a lower retention time of (L Menthyl2-methylbutyrate5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) cyclohexyl2-methylbutyrate) by 2.029/min at a concentration of 19.26%, while the retention time increased with increasing carbon chain length for the compound (Trichloromethane Chloroform Freon 20 Methane, trichloro-R 20 Trichloroform CHCl3 Formyl trichloride Meth) by 64.37/min at a concentration of 17.658%. The results of the current study also showed that the hexane extract of Ruta graveolens L. plant has an antioxidant effect. The highest effect was 77.08% at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml, which is greater than the effect of ascorbic acid, which had an effect of 71.08% at the same concentration.
SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF MENTHA SPICATA AND CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Mar 3, 2025Journal `SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
Publisher `SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
DOI doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.5.39
Issue 57 (5)
Volume 57 (5)
This study sought to investigate the importance of the inhibitory effect of medicinal plant extracts synergistically with algae extracts against pathogenic microbes. Herein, in vitro antibacterial effects of the Mentha spicata and Cladophora glomerata extracts underwent evaluation against three bacterial strains, i.e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of each extract, tested alone and in combination, helped evaluate their synergistic antibacterial potential. The results revealed the M. spicata extract alone has higher antibacterial potential against all the tested bacterial strains than the C. glomerata extract. Both extracts in combination showed a higher synergistic antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains than those of the standard drugs gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis authenticated the presence of different bioactive compounds, including 14 species of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the M. spicata extract. However, eight fatty acids were in the C. glomerata extract, as well as some essential oils, hydrocarbons, and sesquiterpenoids. The potent synergistic antibacterial effects of both extracts could most likely refer to the combined activity of bioactive constituents, especially palmitic, behenic, linolenic, oleic, arachidonic, 7-hexadecenoic, hexanoic, doconexent, and tetradecanoic fatty acids.
Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Study of its Biological Effect Against Macrophomina spp.
Oct 11, 2024Journal IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Publisher IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
DOI i:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/5/052021
Issue 1262 (2023) 052021
Volume 1262 (2023) 052021
Abstract. This research was carried out under laboratory conditions to test the inhibitory ability of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extracts (alcoholic and oily) on the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, which was isolated from strawberry roots and diagnosed based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. The active compounds present in the volatile oil separated from the leaves of E. camaldulensis were identified by using (GC-MS). And obtaining the effective compounds (Gamma-Terpinene, Benzene, Terpinen-4-ol, carvone, 1-Cyclohexene, p-Cymen-7-ol, 2-Naphthalene methanol ,5-methanol, Methyl1-4methylene). The separated fatty acids were identified from the ether petroleum extract of eucalyptus leaves using GC-MS and obtaining fatty acids (Lumaric acid, Linolic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic ,a-Lenolinic ,Stearic acid ,Eicosenoic acid, Arachidonic acid Palmatic acid , Oleic, Octadecanoic acid). The Inhibition effect of eucalyptus leaf extract (alcoholic and oily) against the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina was tested. The results showed that the petroleum ether and eucalyptus oil extracts that were used at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml in the PDA medium had inhibitory effects on the growth of the aforementioned fungus. Both extracts caused a significant effect on the growth of this fungus in All concentrations used, as these fungi failed to form mycelium on PDA medium.
Isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from Eugenia caryophyllus and study on its biological effect against Macrophomina phaseolina
Dec 8, 2023Journal J. Appl. & Nat. Sci.
Publisher J. Appl. & Nat. Sci.
DOI https://doi.org/10.31018/ jans.v15i4.4880
Issue 15(4),
Volume 15(4),
Abstract Clove is one of the oldest and most famous spices. Its seeds resemble nails. It is used in medicinal fields, but its fungicidal ac tivity is unknown. The aim of the study was to test the inhibitory activity of phenolic extracts of cloves against the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions to test the inhibitory ability of Eugenia caryophyllus phenolic extracts on the fungus M. phaseolina, which was partially diagnosed on strawberry plants based on Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, in addition to its morphological and microscopic characteristics. The active compounds present The active compounds (Chlorogenic acid, Qurcetine, Gallic acid, Apigenin, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Kaempferol, Rutin, Catechine) present in the extract of Industrial Methylated Spirit (IMS) separated from cloves were deter mined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). and active compounds of IMS phenols( Qurcetine, Apigenin, Ferulic acid, Kaempferol . ) The inhibitory effect of phenols extracted from E. caryophyllus against M. phaseolina was tested. The results showed that the acetone extract and acetone phenols, which were used at concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/ml in PDA medium, had a significant effect on the growth of the fungus by 100%, as these fungi failed to grow. Formation of spores on Peptone dextrose medium (PDA) medium. While the percentage of inhibition of acetone phenols was 25% at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. As for the IMS extract and IMS phenols, it had a significant effect on the growth of the fungus at all concentrations used, but with different inhibition ratios, which increased directly with increasing concentration of the extract.
Study of the Effect of Trifloralin Herbicide, Seed Rate and Planting Distances in Controlling Broad-Leaf Weeds Associated with Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the Conservation Agriculture System
Jul 7, 2023Journal IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Publisher IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
DOI doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/3/032025
Issue 1262(3),
Volume 1262(3),
Abstract. The study was conducted in the fields of one of the farmers in order to control the broad Weeds associated with the wheat crop by chemical and agricultural methods and with a conservative cultivation system for the seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, and the study included three factors: the first factor is the Trifloraline herbicide and at two levels (0, 1248) cm3 / ha, the second factor rates the effectiveness of the herbicide, and the third factor rates the effectiveness of the cultivation system. Important findings are summarized below. The study was conducted using the system of global experiments in the split-split plots, with seeding at three levels (80, 100, and 120) kg / ha, and the third factor, planting distances at two levels (15 and 30) cm between the lines, with design of complete random sectors and with three replications; Herbicide treatment reduced all traits significantly compared to comparison treatment. Seeding rate increased broad-leaf weeds and side branches and decreased bush susceptible leaf dry weight. All traits improved at 30 cm between planting lines. Interaction achieved. In the second season, the herbicide treatment and 120 kg/ha seed rate reduced broadleaf weed dry weight. The herbicide treatment and 15-cm distance reduced all traits and seasons. In the second season, the interaction between the seed rate of 120 kg/ha and the distance of 15 cm between the planting lines reduced the dry weight of the broad-leaf weed, while the herbicide treatment and the seed rate of 80 kg/ha did the same. In the second season, broad-leaved weeds decreased in dry weight by 15 cm.
Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Study of its Biological Effect Against Macrophomina spp.
Jul 7, 2023Journal IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Publisher IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
DOI doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/5/052021
Issue 1262(5)
Volume 1262(5)
Abstract. This research was carried out under laboratory conditions to test the inhibitory ability of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extracts (alcoholic and oily) on the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, which was isolated from strawberry roots and diagnosed based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. The active compounds present in the volatile oil separated from the leaves of E. camaldulensis were identified by using (GC-MS). And obtaining the effective compounds (Gamma-Terpinene, Benzene, Terpinen-4-ol, carvone, 1-Cyclohexene, p-Cymen-7-ol, 2-Naphthalene methanol ,5-methanol, Methyl1-4methylene). The separated fatty acids were identified from the ether petroleum extract of eucalyptus leaves using GC-MS and obtaining fatty acids (Lumaric acid, Linolic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic ,a-Lenolinic ,Stearic acid ,Eicosenoic acid, Arachidonic acid Palmatic acid , Oleic, Octadecanoic acid). The Inhibition effect of eucalyptus leaf extract (alcoholic and oily) against the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina was tested. The results showed that the petroleum ether and eucalyptus oil extracts that were used at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml in the PDA medium had inhibitory effects on the growth of the aforementioned fungus. Both extracts caused a significant effect on the growth of this fungus in All concentrations used, as these fungi failed to form mycelium on PDA medium.
Effect of Soaking Time with Cumin Extract on The Growth and Yield of Rehan Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Mar 3, 2023Journal Journal of Medicinal and Industrial plant Sciences
Publisher Journal of Medicinal and Industrial plant Sciences
DOI DOI: 10.35495/ajab.2020.02.119
Issue Issue (0), Volume (0)
Volume Issue (0), Volume (0)
The research was conducted in the Department of Plant Production Tech niques / Agricultural Technical College / Mosul to study the effect of the soaking period with cumin extract on the growth and yield of barley cultivar Rehan. The research included two factors, the first is the duration of soaking at two levels (6 and 12) hours, and the second factor is cumin extract as well as the comparison treatment (distilled water). The research was carried out using the method of factorial experiments and the randomized complete block design (RCBD). At the end of the research, the data were recorded and ana lyzed statistically according to the SAS program, and the averages were dis tinguished by an alphabetical letter according to Duncan's multi-range test at the level of probability (0.05%), and the results were as follows: The soaking period exceeds (12) hours significantly over a period of (6) hours in all stud ied traits. Also, the cumin extract was significantly superior to the compari son treatment in all studied traits. The interaction between the soaking period (12) hours and cumin extract achieved a significant superiority in all studied traits.
Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents by GC-MS, HPLC and Biological Activity of Peganum Harmala L. Seeds Extract
Aug 2, 2022Journal IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Publisher IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
DOI ISAESC-2022
Issue doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012097
Volume 1060 (2022) 012097
Abstract. The chemical compounds known as the active compounds separated from the seeds of Peganum harmala are characterized by their antibacterial activity against Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Agrobicterum. rhizogenes a successive solvent system was used to obtain the petroleum ether and methanolic extract according to polarity. The Peganum harmala seeds using Soxhleet continuous extraction device separated the fatty acids from the crude petroleum ether extract after soapification and diagnosed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS( The results showed the presence of Pentadecanoic acid, octadecadienoate, Octadecenoicacid, Hexadecanoiacid, Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid While the alkaloids were separated from the crude methanol extract and diagnosed by HPLC technology, the results indicated the presence of Harmine and Harmalol the above-mentioned compounds are considered to have a high inhibitory activity against the bacteria used under study using a pit susceptibility test compared to standard antibiotics.
Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents by GC-MS, HPLC and Biological Activity of Peganum Harmala L. Seeds Extract
Aug 2, 2022Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Publisher IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012097
Issue Volume 1060, Issue 1
Volume Volume 1060, Issue 1
Abstract The chemical compounds known as the active compounds separated from the seeds of Peganum harmala are characterized by their antibacterial activity against Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Agrobicterum. rhizogenes a successive solvent system was used to obtain the petroleum ether and methanolic extract according to polarity. The Peganum harmala seeds using Soxhleet continuous extraction device separated the fatty acids from the crude petroleum ether extract after soapification and diagnosed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS(The results showed the presence of Pentadecanoic acid, octadecadienoate, Octadecenoicacid, Hexadecanoiacid, Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid While the alkaloids were separated from the crude methanol extract and diagnosed by HPLC technology, the results indicated the presence of Harmine and Harmalol the above-mentioned compounds are considered to have a high inhibitory activity against the bacteria used under study using a pit susceptibility test compared to standard antibiotics. © 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
The Response of Three Barley Cultivars to Cumin Extract at Different Soaking Times and the Identification of the Active Compounds Using GCMS
Jun 6, 2022Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Publisher IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
DOI doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012120
Issue 1060(1)
Volume 1060(1)
The research was carried out at the Agricultural Technical College/Mosul, to study the effect of cumin extract on barley culture with three factors, the first is (comparator and cumin extract), the second is the duration of soaking (6 and 12) hours, and the third is barley varieties (local, rayhan, zanbaqa), using the design of (CRD) and three replicates. At the end of the research, the data were recorded and analyzed according to the SAS program, and the different averages were distinguished by different alphabets, and the results were: Cumin extract was significantly superior to the control treatment in all studied traits, except for the number of roots. The duration of (12) hours was significantly superior to the duration of (6) hours in the wet and dry weight of the seedling. The barley zanbaqa cultivar outperformed the local and rayhan cultivars in all the studied traits. The interaction between cumin extract and the duration of (12) hours achieved significant superiority in all the studied traits. The interaction between cumin extract and zanbaqa cultivar was significantly superior in seedling wet weight, root length and vegetative length. The interaction between the period (12) hours and the zanbaqa variety caused a significant superiority in all the studied traits. The interaction between cumin extract, duration (12) hours, and zanbaqa cultivar was significantly superior to the rest of the interactions in wet and dry weight and root length..The active compounds separated from the aqueous extract of cumin were diagnosed by GCMS and it was found that there are 9 compounds, 2 of which are phenolic and 7 of which are fatty acids.
Separation and identification of some fatty acids and phenolic compounds from Portulaca oleracea L. and study their biological effect on two types of pathogenic bacteria
Jul 30, 2020Journal Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Publisher Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology
DOI DOI: 10.35495/ajab.2020.02.119
Issue 8(3)
Volume 8(3)
This study aims to identify the chemical composition of purslane and examine its antimicrobial activities against two types of pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas savastanoi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Ether petroleum extract and ethanol extract were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor. Saponification was undertaken to separate the fatty acids from the crude ether petroleum extract. Then, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect these fatty acids. Acid analysis was carried out to extract the free phenols from the ethanol using gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The results showed that purslane leaves are rich in fatty acids including palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acids. Additionally, using HPLC, five phenols were detected in the ethanol extract of the purslane leaves including quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, catechin and apigenin. Using the disc diffusion technique, both active extracted compounds were found to exhibit various inhibitory effects against the studied bacteria. However, the fatty acids showed a greater inhibitory effect than the phenols on both pathogens.