Publications
Antigiardial efficacy of portulaca oleracea extract in vitro and prevalence of infection in sheep in Anbar Province, Iraq
Oct 1, 2025Journal Plant Science Today
DOI https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.9753
Issue 4
Volume 12
This study aimed to determine the incidence of giardiasis in sheep of Anbar Province by inspecting 660 faecal specimens. An examination using a flotation technique confirmed the presence of Giardia lamblia in 46.2 % of specimens. The gender had no significant effect on the infection percentage, as it was similar for males (46.9 %) and females (45.4 %). The highest infection rate was 61.7 % for animals aged 1 month to 2 years. During the summer, the infection rate was 61.8 %, whereas it was 27.8 % during the winter, which clearly depicts the seasonal variation in the parasite infestation. The current study systematically evaluated the impact of Portulaca oleracea against G. lamblia. An aqueous extract was prepared by macerating dried the plant material in distilled water, yielding a 15 mg/mL stock solution, which was serially diluted to concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 mg/mL, the extract exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect over 48 hrs, with a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL significantly reducing parasite viability. However, complete eradication was not achieved and requires statistical confirmation. As cytotoxicity assays on host cells were not conducted, the safety of the extract remains unverified. Giardiasis was found to be widespread among sheep in Anbar Province. In contrast, the extract demonstrated promising in vitro anti-Giardia activity. Further studies, particularly those examining cytotoxicity and in vivo evaluations, are necessary before recommending it as an alternative treatment.
Risks of Self-Medication with Antibiotics
Sep 29, 2025Journal International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
Issue 5
Volume 8
Self-medication is the process of individuals selecting and taking medications to treat their own illnesses or symptoms without consulting a medical professional. It can lead to delays in accessing healthcare in life-threatening situations. The World Health Organization has stated that self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics are due to a lack of accurate knowledge of their dosages and durations, leading to adverse effects and increased antibiotic resistance, which is a major concern worldwide as it can lead to an increased risk of health- related infections and even death. Self-medication dispensing of antibiotics can be controlled by raising awareness of their potential consequences. Safe antibiotic use requires stricter regulation of the marketing of antibiotic agents. Healthcare institutions must take serious action to establish policies to prevent the rise of antibiotic self-medication.
Immunological Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Among Patients Suffering Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer Authors
Aug 2, 2025Journal International Journal of Environmental Sciences
DOI https://doi.org/10.64252/n55q9r10
Issue 6
Volume 11
Simultaneous infection with H. pylori and T. gondii is common and occurs via the transmission of fecal matter to the mouth. Both infections are associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disorders. Objectives: Both H. pylori infection and Toxoplasmosis symptoms are very common illnesses that are transmitted by the fecal-oral channel. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the link between these two diseases Materials: In order to conduct upper and lower bronchoscopy, as well as gastrointestinal endoscopy, the patients were transported to the gastroenterology clinic at Azadi Teaching Hospital as well as the private Kirkuk clinic in Kirkuk city. Both of these clinics are located in an educational institution. Methods: This particular research had been conducted during the months of November 2021 and April 2022. This patient's group consisted of 148 individuals in total. The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 40 years. Stool antigen test and ELISA (IgM and IgG) for Toxoplasma species were performed on a subset of patients who were eligible for the study. The examination was performed according to non-invasive procedures. Result: In the current research, 78 patients (female) exhibited a positive result for H. pylori, which had been found by stool antigen test. Additionally, 31 patients (39.7%) showed positive results for T. gondii by utilizing ELISA technique since they had a positive result in H. pylori. Conclusion: When H. pylori was paired with toxoplasmosis, it resulted in the return of the latter, which in turn caused a more severe case of gastritis and a stomach ulcer.
Substantial Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogen Caused Infections: A Review
Mar 26, 2025Journal Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences
DOI https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i03.008
Issue 3
Volume 13
Zoonotic diseases are widespread worldwide and represent an important source of infection transmitted directly or indirectly to humans. This article aimed to review the available literature on bacterial pathogens in wild and domestic animals and their significant public health concerns. The key to the transmission methods for infection with zoonotic bacterial pathogen were either by food or water borne, direct or indirect contact, aerosol inhalation, scratches or bites, animal’s secretions. Although infected animals may be asymptomatic, they can transmit the infection to humans. This can also cause economic losses due to high animal mortality rates or reduced production. Regarding its impact on public health, it was concluded that zoonoses cause high morbidity of severe human infections and even serious complications worldwide.
Evaluation of Procalcitonin Test for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis
Jan 1, 2025Journal International Journal of Medical Sciences
DOI https://doi.org/10.32441.ijms.8.1.2
Issue 1
Volume 8
Background: It is a precursor to calcitonin, a hormone that plays an essential role in the balance of calcium within the body. Procalcitonin, Bernard A. Ross, was first recognized in the 1970s by Leonard J. Divus. It consists of 116 amino acids which are synthesized in the thyroid gland and the lung and intestine by intermolecular cells. Objective: To clarify the role of Procalcitonin test for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Procalcitonin is a peptide of 116 amino acids and is the precursor to calcitonin (CT) CT, a hormone that is contained in amine granules and excreted in the blood to balance calcium levels. Results: The involvement of bacteria in your blood is bacterial sepsis or bacteremia. This may be the first symptom of a significant underlying condition, such as HIV or HIV. In the early stages of systemic bacterial infections, there is recurrent bacteremia. systemic bacterial infection detection, the use of PCT measurements has increased. PCT has a brief half-life (25-30 hours in plasma) and an obvious absence of bacterial contamination in terms of health and specificity. Conclusion: PCT is a more sensitive marker than blood culture, CRP count and WBS for early diagnosis of bacterial sepsis. The most efficient antibiotics used were gentamicin, tetracycline, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. PCT administration in septic mice improved their death rate, while the survival rate of anti-PCT antibodies improved.
. 3 Detection of Some Toxin Genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates .
Dec 1, 2024Journal . مجلة الدرسات التربوية والعلمية
DOI o r g / 1 0 . 5 2 8 6 6 / e s j . 2 0 2 4 . 0 5 . 2 4 . 1 3
Issue 5
Volume 24
Three fundamental syndromes caused by a variety of invasive diseases include bacteria. Methi- cillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) play a significant role on public health challenge due to its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and its association with severe infections. The virulence of MRSA linked to the presence of specific toxin genes, which can enhance its pathogenicity and abil- ity to evade host immune responses. Strains are resistant to the antibiotic especially in nosocomial conditions. These bacteria have a higher risk can cause sepsis or death and resistance against several antibiotics in the form of a boil and pus. Staphylococcus aureus produces a number of toxins that distinguish it in food circles under certain conditions. It is considered a high resistance factor for an- tibiotic therapy in areas where it is considered chronic or persistent. MRSA is resistant to penicillin and became known as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Those at risk for MRSA infection are patients in hospitals and other health facilities, especially the elderly, those with reduced immunity and those with an open wound. In certain people, MRSA is present and is mostly located in the membranes of the mucosa. No signs are caused by it, but it can cause a skin bump or ulcer- ation. Infection of fever also follows it. Bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus are immune to standard antibiotics. Toxin genes in MRSA isolates must be found in order to improve patient care and conduct epidemiological surveillance. To handle the growing threat of MRSA and its related virulence fac- tors, further investigation and observation are required. MRSA does not respond to traditional therapy but to different forms of antibiotics. In previous research, the prevalence of MRSA and its history of resistance are an indicator that health and public care workers are at risk.
Extra-Gastroduodenal Manifestation and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Apr 29, 2022Journal Archives of Razi Institute
Publisher 2022
DOI https://doi.org/10.22092/ari.2022.357387.2027
Issue 3
Volume 77
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which are known as Gram-negative bacteria tend to selectively colonize in the gastric epithelium. The infiltration of neutrophilic and mononuclear cells in the antrum and corpus mucosa is one of the consequences of acute and chronic gastritis colonization with H. pylori. This chronic active gastritis is the primary condition related to H. pylori colonization, and other H. pylori-associated disorders result from this chronic inflammatory process. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal manifestations, such as iron deficiency anemia, chronic spontaneous urticarial, diabetes mellitus, and celiac diseases with low ferritin levels. There were 235 subjects aged 3-75 years in the patient's group. The selected eligible patients were subjected to examination by non-invasive methods using stool antigen test and 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT). The H. pylori antigen rapid test cassette (feces) was used for the qualitative detection of H. pylori antigens in human feces specimens. In the present study, 183 (71.8%) patients demonstrated positive results for H. pylori which had been detected by stool antigen test, out of whom 106 (57.9%) and 77 (42.1%) cases were female and male, respectively. The recorded data pointed out that the rates of Iron deficiency anemia, diabetes mellitus, and celiac diseases were 92(50.3%), 62 (33.9%), and 25 (13.7%), respectively. The findings of the present study revealed that H.pylori is more prevalent in females. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of the 14C UBT method was higher and more accurate than the stool antigen assay
Detection of Helicobacter pylori by rapid urease test and PCR technique from gastric biopsies
Feb 28, 2022Journal Teikyo Medical Journal
Publisher 45
Issue 1
Volume 45
ABSTRACT detection, Helicobacter pylori, gastric biopsies This study aims to assess the invasive methods [endoscopy and rapid urease test] and noninvasive method [PCR technique] in the detection of H. pylori. The patients were referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Azadi Teaching Hospital and private Kirkuk clinic for upper and lower and bronchoscopy fiberoptic GIT endoscopy in Kirkuk city. The present study had carried out from November 2019 to February 2021. The number of the patient's group was 120. The patients were aged 3 to 75years. Selected eligible patients subjected to examination by invasive methods (endoscopy and rapid urease test) and non- invasive method using PCR technique. Biopsies had taken from 120 patients, 50(55.6%) showed positive for rapid urease test (RUT) in the antrum, and 25(83.3%) were positive in proximal stomach negative in the antrum in the same patients. Fifty antrum biopsies positive of H. pylori for detection virulence genes by using PCR technique. Gastric biopsy taken from multiple gastric areas is more accurate than taking only the antrum region, especially patients who underwent eradication therapy to the H. pylori infection. There is a significant association between PCR methods and the detection of H. pylori from the gastric biopsy.