Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli from Blood Cultures of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Inflammatory Markers

Jan 26, 2026

Journal International journal of medical sciences and academic research

DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18377375

Issue 1

Volume 7

Escherichia coli (E.coli) represent a major cause of bacteremia, and there is scant integrative data combining microbiological findings with metabolic, renal, hematological and inflammatory variables in diabetic Iraqi populace. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of E. coli bacteremia among T2DM patients and assess the association of E. coli isolation with renal function markers, hematological parameters, and some inflammatory mediators. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 180 subjects participated, including 90 patients with T2DM without bacteremia (G1) and 90 T2DM patients with E. coli bacteremia (G2), attending Kirkuk privet hospitals, Kirkuk, Iraq. Special tests for clinical tests, including Creatinine (CR), BUN, Albumin (Alb), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and HOMA-IR, CBC tests, and IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and CRP were assessed. Specifically, blood cultures were analyzed using aerobic and anaerobic bottles and were further identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, following strict aseptic protocols. Results: The results showed a significant effect of T2DM with E. coli bacteremia on the levels of FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, neutrophil count, white blood cell count, creatinine, BUN, and albumin, and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and CRP), When comparing the levels of these parameters in the patients with T2DM with bacteremia (G2) with the patients with T2DM without bacteremia (G1), it showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Bacteremia caused by Escherichia coli bacteria led to changes in vital signs, reflected in significant systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings can serve as direct evidence supporting early risk assessment and targeted management strategies, and underscore the critical role of integrating inflammatory, metabolic, and renal markers in the management of high-risk type 2 diabetes patients.

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Identification of rsbA Gene in Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections and Determining their Antibiotic Resistance

Dec 3, 2025

Journal American Journal of Biology and Natural Sciences

publisher BioScience Academic Publishing

DOI https://doi.org/10.51699/ajbns.v2i12

Issue 12

Volume 13

mirabilis rarely causes lung infections or pneumonia, and it usually affects people who have chronic lung illness or chronic debilitation. The current study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance of P. mirabilis isolated from individuals with respiratory tract infections by identifying the rsbA gene. Materials & methods: From January to July 2025, 270 specimens were taken from outpatients with respiratory tract infections who were exhibiting symptoms and visiting hospitals and private clinics in Kirkuk City. PCR was utilized to diagnose the rsbA gene, and each specimen was identified by phenotypic traits after being cultivated on various labeled culture media. Results: The results indicated that when P. mirabilis was grown on MacConkey agar, 28 (10.4%) of the total specimens had positive growth results. On the other hand, the results showed that 243 (89.3%) of sputum samples were negative for bacterial growth of P. mirabilis out of a total of 270 samples. Biochemical tests for P. mirabilis bacteria appear to be negative for Indole, oxidase, while, P. mirabilis were positive for urease, citrate, motility, catalase and Kligler iron k/A H2S. P. mirabilis showed a high 21 American Journal of Biology and Natural Sciences Volume:2 | Number:12 (2025) Nov resistance toward 78.6% Ceftriaxone, 85.7% Cefepime and 96.4% Ampicillin. Otherwise, P. mirabilis showed high sensitive toward 71.4% Gentamicin, 78.6% Imipenem, and 78.6% Amikacin respectively. After isolating DNA from P. mirabilis using an extraction and electrophoresis kit, it was found that 100% of P. mirabilis isolates contained the rsbA gene. Conclusions: It is concluded from the results of the current work that Proteus mirabilis is one of the causes of respiratory tract infections and has shown high resistance to antibiotics. One of the most important reasons for its virulence is that it possesses virulence genes in high proportions. The study also showed that the bacteria possessed 100% of the rsbA gene, which is responsible for regulating swarming motility.

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Antigiardial efficacy of portulaca oleracea extract in vitro and prevalence of infection in sheep in Anbar Province, Iraq

Oct 1, 2025

Journal Plant Science Today

DOI https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.9753

Issue 4

Volume 12

This study aimed to determine the incidence of giardiasis in sheep of Anbar Province by inspecting 660 faecal specimens. An examination using a flotation technique confirmed the presence of Giardia lamblia in 46.2 % of specimens. The gender had no significant effect on the infection percentage, as it was similar for males (46.9 %) and females (45.4 %). The highest infection rate was 61.7 % for animals aged 1 month to 2 years. During the summer, the infection rate was 61.8 %, whereas it was 27.8 % during the winter, which clearly depicts the seasonal variation in the parasite infestation. The current study systematically evaluated the impact of Portulaca oleracea against G. lamblia. An aqueous extract was prepared by macerating dried the plant material in distilled water, yielding a 15 mg/mL stock solution, which was serially diluted to concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 mg/mL, the extract exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect over 48 hrs, with a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL significantly reducing parasite viability. However, complete eradication was not achieved and requires statistical confirmation. As cytotoxicity assays on host cells were not conducted, the safety of the extract remains unverified. Giardiasis was found to be widespread among sheep in Anbar Province. In contrast, the extract demonstrated promising in vitro anti-Giardia activity. Further studies, particularly those examining cytotoxicity and in vivo evaluations, are necessary before recommending it as an alternative treatment.

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Risks of Self-Medication with Antibiotics

Sep 29, 2025

Journal International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

Issue 5

Volume 8

Self-medication is the process of individuals selecting and taking medications to treat their own illnesses or symptoms without consulting a medical professional. It can lead to delays in accessing healthcare in life-threatening situations. The World Health Organization has stated that self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics are due to a lack of accurate knowledge of their dosages and durations, leading to adverse effects and increased antibiotic resistance, which is a major concern worldwide as it can lead to an increased risk of health- related infections and even death. Self-medication dispensing of antibiotics can be controlled by raising awareness of their potential consequences. Safe antibiotic use requires stricter regulation of the marketing of antibiotic agents. Healthcare institutions must take serious action to establish policies to prevent the rise of antibiotic self-medication.

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Immunological Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Among Patients Suffering Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer Authors

Aug 2, 2025

Journal International Journal of Environmental Sciences

DOI https://doi.org/10.64252/n55q9r10

Issue 6

Volume 11

Simultaneous infection with H. pylori and T. gondii is common and occurs via the transmission of fecal matter to the mouth. Both infections are associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disorders. Objectives: Both H. pylori infection and Toxoplasmosis symptoms are very common illnesses that are transmitted by the fecal-oral channel. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the link between these two diseases Materials: In order to conduct upper and lower bronchoscopy, as well as gastrointestinal endoscopy, the patients were transported to the gastroenterology clinic at Azadi Teaching Hospital as well as the private Kirkuk clinic in Kirkuk city. Both of these clinics are located in an educational institution. Methods: This particular research had been conducted during the months of November 2021 and April 2022. This patient's group consisted of 148 individuals in total. The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 40 years. Stool antigen test and ELISA (IgM and IgG) for Toxoplasma species were performed on a subset of patients who were eligible for the study. The examination was performed according to non-invasive procedures. Result: In the current research, 78 patients (female) exhibited a positive result for H. pylori, which had been found by stool antigen test. Additionally, 31 patients (39.7%) showed positive results for T. gondii by utilizing ELISA technique since they had a positive result in H. pylori. Conclusion: When H. pylori was paired with toxoplasmosis, it resulted in the return of the latter, which in turn caused a more severe case of gastritis and a stomach ulcer.

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Substantial Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogen Caused Infections: A Review

Mar 26, 2025

Journal Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences

DOI https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i03.008

Issue 3

Volume 13

Zoonotic diseases are widespread worldwide and represent an important source of infection transmitted directly or indirectly to humans. This article aimed to review the available literature on bacterial pathogens in wild and domestic animals and their significant public health concerns. The key to the transmission methods for infection with zoonotic bacterial pathogen were either by food or water borne, direct or indirect contact, aerosol inhalation, scratches or bites, animal’s secretions. Although infected animals may be asymptomatic, they can transmit the infection to humans. This can also cause economic losses due to high animal mortality rates or reduced production. Regarding its impact on public health, it was concluded that zoonoses cause high morbidity of severe human infections and even serious complications worldwide.

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Evaluation of Procalcitonin Test for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Jan 1, 2025

Journal International Journal of Medical Sciences

DOI https://doi.org/10.32441.ijms.8.1.2

Issue 1

Volume 8

Background: It is a precursor to calcitonin, a hormone that plays an essential role in the balance of calcium within the body. Procalcitonin, Bernard A. Ross, was first recognized in the 1970s by Leonard J. Divus. It consists of 116 amino acids which are synthesized in the thyroid gland and the lung and intestine by intermolecular cells. Objective: To clarify the role of Procalcitonin test for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Procalcitonin is a peptide of 116 amino acids and is the precursor to calcitonin (CT) CT, a hormone that is contained in amine granules and excreted in the blood to balance calcium levels. Results: The involvement of bacteria in your blood is bacterial sepsis or bacteremia. This may be the first symptom of a significant underlying condition, such as HIV or HIV. In the early stages of systemic bacterial infections, there is recurrent bacteremia. systemic bacterial infection detection, the use of PCT measurements has increased. PCT has a brief half-life (25-30 hours in plasma) and an obvious absence of bacterial contamination in terms of health and specificity. Conclusion: PCT is a more sensitive marker than blood culture, CRP count and WBS for early diagnosis of bacterial sepsis. The most efficient antibiotics used were gentamicin, tetracycline, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. PCT administration in septic mice improved their death rate, while the survival rate of anti-PCT antibodies improved.

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. 3 Detection of Some Toxin Genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates .

Dec 1, 2024

Journal . مجلة الدرسات التربوية والعلمية

DOI o r g / 1 0 . 5 2 8 6 6 / e s j . 2 0 2 4 . 0 5 . 2 4 . 1 3

Issue 5

Volume 24

Three fundamental syndromes caused by a variety of invasive diseases include bacteria. Methi- cillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) play a significant role on public health challenge due to its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and its association with severe infections. The virulence of MRSA linked to the presence of specific toxin genes, which can enhance its pathogenicity and abil- ity to evade host immune responses. Strains are resistant to the antibiotic especially in nosocomial conditions. These bacteria have a higher risk can cause sepsis or death and resistance against several antibiotics in the form of a boil and pus. Staphylococcus aureus produces a number of toxins that distinguish it in food circles under certain conditions. It is considered a high resistance factor for an- tibiotic therapy in areas where it is considered chronic or persistent. MRSA is resistant to penicillin and became known as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Those at risk for MRSA infection are patients in hospitals and other health facilities, especially the elderly, those with reduced immunity and those with an open wound. In certain people, MRSA is present and is mostly located in the membranes of the mucosa. No signs are caused by it, but it can cause a skin bump or ulcer- ation. Infection of fever also follows it. Bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus are immune to standard antibiotics. Toxin genes in MRSA isolates must be found in order to improve patient care and conduct epidemiological surveillance. To handle the growing threat of MRSA and its related virulence fac- tors, further investigation and observation are required. MRSA does not respond to traditional therapy but to different forms of antibiotics. In previous research, the prevalence of MRSA and its history of resistance are an indicator that health and public care workers are at risk.

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Extra-Gastroduodenal Manifestation and Helicobacter pylori Infection

Apr 29, 2022

Journal Archives of Razi Institute

publisher 2022

DOI https://doi.org/10.22092/ari.2022.357387.2027

Issue 3

Volume 77

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which are known as Gram-negative bacteria tend to selectively colonize in the gastric epithelium. The infiltration of neutrophilic and mononuclear cells in the antrum and corpus mucosa is one of the consequences of acute and chronic gastritis colonization with H. pylori. This chronic active gastritis is the primary condition related to H. pylori colonization, and other H. pylori-associated disorders result from this chronic inflammatory process. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal manifestations, such as iron deficiency anemia, chronic spontaneous urticarial, diabetes mellitus, and celiac diseases with low ferritin levels. There were 235 subjects aged 3-75 years in the patient's group. The selected eligible patients were subjected to examination by non-invasive methods using stool antigen test and 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT). The H. pylori antigen rapid test cassette (feces) was used for the qualitative detection of H. pylori antigens in human feces specimens. In the present study, 183 (71.8%) patients demonstrated positive results for H. pylori which had been detected by stool antigen test, out of whom 106 (57.9%) and 77 (42.1%) cases were female and male, respectively. The recorded data pointed out that the rates of Iron deficiency anemia, diabetes mellitus, and celiac diseases were 92(50.3%), 62 (33.9%), and 25 (13.7%), respectively. The findings of the present study revealed that H.pylori is more prevalent in females. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of the 14C UBT method was higher and more accurate than the stool antigen assay

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Detection of Helicobacter pylori by rapid urease test and PCR technique from gastric biopsies

Feb 28, 2022

Journal Teikyo Medical Journal

publisher 45

Issue 1

Volume 45

ABSTRACT detection, Helicobacter pylori, gastric biopsies This study aims to assess the invasive methods [endoscopy and rapid urease test] and noninvasive method [PCR technique] in the detection of H. pylori. The patients were referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Azadi Teaching Hospital and private Kirkuk clinic for upper and lower and bronchoscopy fiberoptic GIT endoscopy in Kirkuk city. The present study had carried out from November 2019 to February 2021. The number of the patient's group was 120. The patients were aged 3 to 75years. Selected eligible patients subjected to examination by invasive methods (endoscopy and rapid urease test) and non- invasive method using PCR technique. Biopsies had taken from 120 patients, 50(55.6%) showed positive for rapid urease test (RUT) in the antrum, and 25(83.3%) were positive in proximal stomach negative in the antrum in the same patients. Fifty antrum biopsies positive of H. pylori for detection virulence genes by using PCR technique. Gastric biopsy taken from multiple gastric areas is more accurate than taking only the antrum region, especially patients who underwent eradication therapy to the H. pylori infection. There is a significant association between PCR methods and the detection of H. pylori from the gastric biopsy.

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