Experimental study to enhance the performance of a hybrid solar distiller system under the harsh climatic conditions in Iraq

Nov 6, 2025

Journal Results in Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108122

Issue 40

Volume 13

Freshwater scarcity and electricity shortages are critical challenges in arid regions such as Iraq, where frequent sand and dust storms significantly affect solar-based systems. This study experimentally evaluates a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) distillation system designed to produce freshwater and electricity simultaneously. Two identical units were fabricated: a conventional solar still (CSS) and an enhanced solar still (ESS) equipped with a copper heat exchanger and a 1 cm Black stone layer. Tests were conducted in Kirkuk, Iraq, at water depths of 1 cm and 3 cm during May 2025 under different weather conditions (sunny, semi-cloudy, and sandstorm days). Results showed that the ESS achieved a maximum freshwater productivity of 7.2 L/day/m² and electricity generation of 1.26 kWh/day/m² , representing a 33% improvement in water yield compared with the CSS. The shallow water depth of 1 cm increased the basin water temperature by 5–10°C compared with 3 cm depth, leading to higher evaporation rates. The overall thermal efficiency of the ESS improved by 12–15%, while electrical efficiency remained stable at 10–14% despite fluctuating climatic conditions. These findings confirm that the proposed hybrid PV/T system enhances heat utilization, reduces thermal losses, and provides a practical, low-cost solution for addressing water and energy shortages in arid regions.

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Gasoline Engine Simulation Software: A Comparison Review

Oct 10, 2021

Journal 2nd International Scientific Conference of Engineering Sciences (ISCES 2020)

publisher IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering

DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/1076/1/012070

Volume 1076

In this review, a survey of previous studies has been conducted on the use of simulation software to evaluate the performance of spark igniting engines. Some of the gaps in the simulation software used by researchers requiring further research and consideration of their potential impact on the writing of the topic under discussion. The results of the simulation software have led to the ability of these models to predict engine performance, and show good agreement between the experimental results and the results predicted by the simulation software. These findings increase the reliability of simulation software, which can replace the experimental tests and in turn reduce the cost. This will also provide a platform for the researchers to expand their experimental through varying the different parameters instantaneously to get the optimum performance criteria.