Ozdan Akram Ghareeb -

Gender	FEMALE
Place of Work	Kirkuk Technical Medical Institute
Department	Pharmacy Techniques
Position	/
Qualification	Master
Speciality	Clinical Pathology
Email	ozdanakram@ntu.edu.iq
Phone	07706639914
Address	Northern Technical University, at-Ta'mim, Kirkuk, Iraq

Deleterious effects of inflammatory cytokines induced by endotoxin on hepato-renal functions and attenuating role of estrogen in vivo

Feb 17, 2026

Journal Agricultural Biotechnology Journal

DOI 10.22103/jab.2025.26324.1799

Issue 1

Volume 18

Objective One of the potent innate immune system stimulators is endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This stimulator can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). It may also ultimately lead to septic shock. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in female reproduction. This hormone also has multiple roles in other body systems, including the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2 and CCL3 genes in response to LPS. Other aims of this study were to evaluate histological and functional changes in the kidney and liver, measure serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, and investigate the effects of ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries and consequently estrogen deficiency) on the extent of organ damage and inflammatory response induced by LPS in three-month-old adult female Wistar rats. Materials and methods Several groups would typically be included in an experiment to examine the effects of estrogen, endotoxins, and their combination. All laboratory tests for assessing inflammatory cytokines, kidney and liver function, and gene expression were carried out in the laboratories of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq. The study included 138 adult female Wistar rats (3 months old) distributed across six main groups; each set contains 23 adult female Wistar rats including G1-Sham, G2-OVX, G3-LPS, G4-E2+LPS, G5-LPS+E2, and G6-E2). Results The results of this study reported a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in serum levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. In addition, creatinine and urea (kidney function), ALT and AST (liver function) and TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2 and CCL3 gene expression were observed between 3-month-old female Wistar rats. Conclusions The study concluded that estrogen reduces the harmful effects of inflammatory cytokines that increase due to endotoxins, and therefore estrogen activates liver and kidney functions in adult female Wistar rats. Estrogen signaling may represent a promising therapeutic target for mitigating sepsis-induced multi-organ injury in estrogen-deficient states. Estrogen pre-treatment reduced TNF-α expression by ~40% relative to LPS-only group. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional changes in the kidney and liver, measure serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, and investigate the effects of ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries and consequently estrogen deficiency) on the extent of organ damage and inflammatory response induced by LPS in three-month-old adult female Wistar rats.

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Substantial Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogen Caused Infections: A Review

Mar 26, 2025

Journal Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences

DOI https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i03.008

Issue 3

Volume 13

Zoonotic diseases are widespread worldwide and represent an important source of infection transmitted directly or indirectly to humans. This article aimed to review the available literature on bacterial pathogens in wild and domestic animals and their significant public health concerns. The key to the transmission methods for infection with zoonotic bacterial pathogen were either by food or water borne, direct or indirect contact, aerosol inhalation, scratches or bites, animal’s secretions. Although infected animals may be asymptomatic, they can transmit the infection to humans. This can also cause economic losses due to high animal mortality rates or reduced production. Regarding its impact on public health, it was concluded that zoonoses cause high morbidity of severe human infections and even serious complications worldwide.

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Endoscopic Transethmoid Drainage of Frontal Lobe Brain Abscess: Rare Case Report

Mar 25, 2025

Journal SAS Journal of Medicine

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2025.v11i03.016

Issue 3

Volume 11

A frontal lobe abscess is a common life-threatening brain emergency, with critical treatment relying on a combination of drainage and parenteral antibiotic medication. A 14-year-old female with type 1 diabetes mellitus was referred from the Department of Neurosurgery with a history of right-sided facial twitching repeating every 5 minutes and accompanied with pyrexia. An MRI scan revealed a 2 x 2 cm abscess in the frontal lobe, attached to skull base. Intravenous antibiotics were started, but after 12 hours, her consciousness deteriorated, therefore the abscess was urgently drained successfully via endoscopic transnasal transethmoid route. The skull base window was repaired using fat, tensor fascia lata and duraseal. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no cerebrospinal fluid leakage or meningitis, and patient's condition was satisfactory. Follow-up with an immediate CT scan MRI scan 3 months later showed no manifest of abscess returning. It was concluded that the transnasal transethmoid approach has the advantage of allowing the abscess to be identified and drained definitively without intra-cerebral penetration.

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Evaluation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Arsenic Induced Hepatotoxicity In Vivo

Dec 4, 2024

Journal Journal of Animal Health and Production

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2024/12.s1.196.201

Arsenic (As), an environmental pollutant, induces hepatic oxidative damage that leads to liver disease. Also, it may be associated with immune-related disorders at high doses. This study aimed to evaluate the As-induced acute hepatotoxicity and the role of immune response through inflammatory cytokines in laboratory rats. Eighteen adult male rats were employed in present study, and they were set into three groups (n = 6/group). First group acted as control (CON) without any treatment, while other two groups were exposed to sodium arsenite orally at a single dose (13 mg/kg) Animals were sacrificed at 1 day and 7 days after exposure of As, and referred as AS-1 and AS-7 groups, respectively. Following that, each rat’s serum was taken for the required biochemical assays, and its liver was removed to assess oxidative stress markers. Comparing treated versus untreated rats, the results showed that AS exposure significantly raised malondialdehyde levels in liver tissue while clearly inhibiting the level of total antioxidants. Furthermore, a time-dependent significant increase in serological concentrations of hepatic enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines was noted in comparison to control rats. It was concluded that arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokines response are associated with a time-dependent increasing.

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