Master of Veterinary pharmacology and Toxicology

Nov 1, 2010 - Jan 3, 2012

Veterinary pharmacology is the science responsible for the research and development of drugs capable of solving and adapting animal health problems. It is a branch of veterinary science that aims to improve current results in disease prevention and treatment at the veterinary level through pharmacological strategies.

diphenhydramine , cholinesterase activity and intestinal motility , imidocarb [Effect of diphenhydramine on the changes in cholinesterase activity and intestinal motility induced by imidocarb in chicks]

Jul 2, 2011 - Jul 2, 2012

This study examines and evaluates the interaction between imidocarb and diphenhydramine on the level of cholinesterase
activity and small intestinal transit (SIT) in chicks. Imidocarb at 45 mg/kg,s.c. significantly inhibited plasma and brain
cholinesterases, 30 min after injection by 69 and 21%, respectively. Diphenhydramine at 5 mg/kg, s.c significantly inhibited
plasma and brain cholinesterase by 29.7 and 35.7%, respectively and significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of imidocarb
on plasma cholinesterase by 33.2%. Imidocarb at 40 mg/kg, s.c. significantly increased SIT 15 and 30 min after injection by
92, 100%, respectively. Diphenhydramine at 5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c., 15 min before imedocarb at 40mg/kg, s.c. significantly
decreased SIT produced by imidocarb alone by 80.6 and 70.5 %, respectively and prevented the SIT when given immediately
after imedocarb at 40 mg/kg, s.c. by 100%.The data revealed that diphenhydramine has a beneficial effect in controlling the
SIT modulated by imidocarb in chicks and there was no adverse interaction between two drugs at the level of cholinesterase.

Gastrointestinal Parasites , Buffaloes [Diagnostic Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Buffaloes in Mosul City, Iraq]

Dec 11, 2023 - Nov 12, 2023

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) are often associated with diarrhea in buffaloes, which affects
health, growth, and production. They are also sources of infestation in the herd, nearby herds,
and grazing areas. The current study aims to diagnose the different types of GIP that infect
buffaloes in the Mosul city, Iraq, and to determine their infestation rate. A total of 100 fecal
samples were randomly collected from buffaloes of different ages (ranging from 1.5 to 5 years
old) and both sexes in various regions of Mosul city. These samples were examined using direct
smear technique, with or without iodine dye, flotation method, and sedimentation method, with
or without methylene blue dye, between September 2022 and February 2023. The overall
infestation rate with GIP was 59%, comprising intestinal protozoa (56%), Nematodes (6%), and
Trematodes (2%). That included Buxtonella sulcata (56%); Trichostrongylus spp. (3%);
Haemonchus spp. (1%); Cooperia spp. (1%); Ostertagia ostertagi. (1%); and Fasciola hepatica
(2%). Moreover, a variation in the infestation rates according to the months of collected samples
was observed; significantly (P<0.05) highest infestation rate was recorded in February at 93.3%,
followed by November at 82%, and the lowest infestation rate was recorded in October and
September at 16% and 36.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the highest infestation rate with GIP
in buffaloes in the city of Mosul, Iraq, this must be given increased attention by owners and
veterinarians for strategical control of these parasites.

Veterinary Drugs, Milk, Meat. [Impact of Veterinary Drugs on Milk and Meat Quality: A Review]

Mar 14, 2024 - May 7, 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the reasons for such a great international variety of actions by
presenting some general rules on what happens to veterinary drugs administered to food-producing animals and
emphasizing factors that determine concentrations of drug residues in milk and meat. Here, the term "residue" usually
refers to the concentration of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a food product, assuming that the substance is not
present at a harmful level. Furthermore, the term "bioactive excretion" represents an important aspect of various drug
residues, mainly related to the presence of pharmacologically active substances in animal excreta and their influence on
the environment and non-target species.

Impact of Veterinary Drugs on Milk and Meat Quality: A Review

Jun 30, 2024

Journal Scientific Research Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences

publisher N.K. Ibrahim and G.A. Faris

DOI 10.47310/srjals.2024.v0i402.002

Issue 2

Volume 4

The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the reasons for such a great international variety of actions by presenting some general rules on what happens to veterinary drugs administered to food-producing animals and emphasizing factors that determine concentrations of drug residues in milk and meat. Here, the term "residue" usually refers to the concentration of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a food product, assuming that the substance is not present at a harmful level. Furthermore, the term "bioactive excretion" represents an important aspect of various drug residues, mainly related to the presence of pharmacologically active substances in animal excreta and their influence on the environment and non-target species.

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Diagnostic Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Buffaloes in Mosul City, Iraq

Dec 11, 2023

Journal BASRAH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH

publisher Taha, A.1, N. Kh. Ibrahim2, Rasha Azeez3, Q. T. Al-Obaidi1, S. D. Hassan1.

DOI 10.23975/bjvetr.2023.181826

Issue 22

Volume 4

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) are often associated with diarrhea in buffaloes, which affects health, growth, and production. They are also sources of infestation in the herd, nearby herds, and grazing areas. The current study aims to diagnose the different types of GIP that infect buffaloes in the Mosul city, Iraq, and to determine their infestation rate. A total of 100 fecal samples were randomly collected from buffaloes of different ages (ranging from 1.5 to 5 years old) and both sexes in various regions of Mosul city. These samples were examined using direct smear technique, with or without iodine dye, flotation method, and sedimentation method, with or without methylene blue dye, between September 2022 and February 2023. The overall infestation rate with GIP was 59%, comprising intestinal protozoa (56%), Nematodes (6%), and Trematodes (2%). That included Buxtonella sulcata (56%); Trichostrongylus spp. (3%); Haemonchus spp. (1%); Cooperia spp. (1%); Ostertagia ostertagi. (1%); and Fasciola hepatica (2%). Moreover, a variation in the infestation rates according to the months of collected samples was observed; significantly (P<0.05) highest infestation rate was recorded in February at 93.3%, followed by November at 82%, and the lowest infestation rate was recorded in October and September at 16% and 36.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the highest infestation rate with GIP in buffaloes in the city of Mosul, Iraq, this must be given increased attention by owners and veterinarians for strategical control of these parasites.

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Effect of diphenhydramine on the changes in cholinesterase activity and intestinal motility induced by imidocarb in chicks

Feb 1, 2012

Journal Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

publisher N.K. Ibrahim and G.A. Faris

Issue 26

Volume 2

This study examines and evaluates the interaction between imidocarb and diphenhydramine on the level of cholinesterase activity and small intestinal transit (SIT) in chicks. Imidocarb at 45 mg/kg,s.c. significantly inhibited plasma and brain cholinesterases, 30 min after injection by 69 and 21%, respectively. Diphenhydramine at 5 mg/kg, s.c significantly inhibited plasma and brain cholinesterase by 29.7 and 35.7%, respectively and significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of imidocarb on plasma cholinesterase by 33.2%. Imidocarb at 40 mg/kg, s.c. significantly increased SIT 15 and 30 min after injection by 92, 100%, respectively. Diphenhydramine at 5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c., 15 min before imedocarb at 40mg/kg, s.c. significantly decreased SIT produced by imidocarb alone by 80.6 and 70.5 %, respectively and prevented the SIT when given immediately after imedocarb at 40 mg/kg, s.c. by 100%.The data revealed that diphenhydramine has a beneficial effect in controlling the SIT modulated by imidocarb in chicks and there was no adverse interaction between two drugs at the level of cholinesterase.

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