Ph.D.

Structure

Master

Tikrit University Master in Structure

Bachelor

Salah al-Din University Bachelor of
Civil Engineering

Northern Technical University (NTU) [PRESIDENT]

President of Northern Technical University (NTU)

Northern Technical University (NTU) [Vice President for Scientific Affairs]

Engineering Consulting Office, Kirkuk [DIRECTOR]

Kirkuk University [HEAD SURVEY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT]

Impact of rice husk ash on geopolymer concrete: A literature review and future directions

Journal Case Studies in Construction Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04476

Volume 22

In recent years, the pursuit of sustainable materials in concrete production has increased, driven by the essentials of environmental conservation, energy efficiency, and resource optimization in construction. Rice husk ash (RHA), distinguished for its abundant silica content, has emerged as a promising biomass-derived material capable of enhancing both the performance and sustainability of geopolymer concrete (GPC) structures. This study undertakes a comprehensive review of literature published between 2014 and 2024, focusing on the chemical composition and physical properties of RHA, and its influence on the physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of GPC. The results indicated that the addition of a small amount of RHA enhances the strength and durability of concrete, especially with Metakaolin (MK). For instance, the addition of 15 % RHA increases the compressive strength by 21 %. The addition of 20 % RHA reduced the water absorption of GPC by 14 %. Furthermore, the research supports the extensive utilization of treated RHA to counteract the adverse effects associated with conventional cement concrete, thereby fostering greater sustainability in construction practices.

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Enhancing sustainable concrete with iron ore tailings as fine aggregate: Environmental and engineering perspectives

Journal Construction and Building Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140707

Volume 470

The construction industry faces numerous challenges due to consuming significant energy and huge amounts of natural materials, mainly in concrete production. This study explores the possibility of using iron ore tailings (IOT) as a fine aggregate in concrete, focusing on engineering and environmental perspectives. By partially or fully replacing traditional fine aggregate with IOT, the study aims to improve concrete properties while addressing the ecological challenges of waste management. This study was developed by collecting papers from the Scopus database for the duration between 2000 and 2024. The results show that IOT particles have enhanced concrete's physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructure properties and decreased environmental issues by reducing waste accumulated in landfills and converting them to useful materials. The addition of IOT as fine aggregate reduced the workability in most cases and increased the strength of concrete, especially with low replacement levels. Further studies are recommended to increase the potential use of IOT in concrete production.

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A REVIEW ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE BEHAVIOUR UNDER ELEVATED TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE

Journal Journal of Sustainability Science and Management

publisher Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

DOI http://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2024.12.014

Issue 12

Volume 19

Geopolymers are considered promising, environmentally friendly, and sustainable substitutes for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymers exhibit commendable mechanical characteristics, including resistance to high temperatures and noteworthy environmental advantages. This review paper focuses on geopolymer concrete (GPC) and mortar behaviour under high temperatures, addressing problems, and improvement methods. The main problem considered is concrete spalling induced by fire which poses a significant threat to concrete structures, particularly those constructed with high-strength concrete. This review aims to elucidate the behaviour of geopolymer concrete under high temperatures and explore strategies to mitigate the impact of such conditions. Critical findings indicate that geopolymer concrete can maintain up to 80% of its compressive strength after exposure to temperatures as high as 800°C. Additionally, incorporating steel fibres into geopolymer concrete has been shown to enhance its residual compressive strength by up to 25% and significantly reduce spalling. These results underscore the potential of geopolymer concrete as a resilient material in fire-prone environments and highlight the benefits of using steel fibres to improve its performance under elevated temperatures.

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The performance and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236590

Issue 1

Volume 2349

Alternative cement technologies are gaining popularity as a result of the cement industry's increasing concerns about the environment. Current research suggests improved environmental and durability performance cannot be achieved without new binders. geopolymer concrete (GPC) uses fly ash (FA) instead of conventional Portland cement. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of FA: Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) by employing FA based-GPC compared to cement concrete on the compressive strength, splitting strength, modulus of rapture, density, and water absorption of concrete. The varied ratio of FA 30%, metakaolin 70%, FA 30% and GGBS 70% for GPC was utilized in this investigation. The outcomes obtained show that the GPC made of FA 30% and GGBS 70% gives higher compressive strength than that of cement concrete at 7, and 28 days. The porosity and water absorption of GPC were lower than that of cement concrete and the percentage of decrease was 1% for geopolymer containing GGBS as a binder. These results can be modified further when using other materials with treated GGBS, FA, and MK, in different ratios.

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Enhancement properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete using dune sand and glass fiber

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238284

Issue 1

Volume 2349

This paper investigates the enhancement of properties Geopolymer concrete based on fly ash utilizing dune sand as a fine aggregate and incorporating glass fiber. The utilization of fly ash and dune sand addresses sustainability and environmental concerns, while the addition of glass fiber aims to improve mechanical properties. The study includes experimental testing to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, density, and water absorption of Geopolymer concrete specimens. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of glass fiber and 25% dune sand positively influences the strength of geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete with glass fiber and 25% dune sand recorded the maximum splitting, flexural, and compressive tensile strengths over all curing ages, offering a promising approach to enhance the performance of sustainable concrete materials.

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Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Soil Texture Using Sentinel-1A SAR and Topographic Information

Journal Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology

publisher Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE)

DOI https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192397

Issue 11

Volume 25

Applications such as agriculture, hydrology, and environmental management need the mapping of soil texture. In a research region near the Great Zab River in Iraq, this study assessed machine learning models for predicting important soil texture qualities using Sentinel-1A radar and digital elevation data. 75 soil samples in all were gathered, and their percentages of clay, silt, gravel, sand, and moisture content were determined. The models that were examined were Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Logistic Regression (LR) (ANN). Based on test data, results indicated that RF had the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) in terms of forecasting clay (0.994 percent), specific gravity (0.012), gravel (10.802 percent), and sand (9.894 percent) (0.094 percent). Additionally, it had the greatest R2 values for clay (0.68), silt (0.68), sand (0.474), specific gravity (0.764), and gravel (0.639). (0.826). When it came to predicting moisture content, ANN excelled (RMSE 2.515, R2 0.776). According to the RF feature significance scores, elevation was determined to be the most significant input variable. The study showed that precise maps of soil texture prediction may be obtained by utilizing RF machine learning in conjunction with Sentinel-1A data and digital elevation models. This provides an effective way for mapping soil properties in remote places with minimal effort.

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Mapping vegetation cover changes in Kirkuk governorate using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0212579

Issue 1

Volume 3105

This research examined the assessment of changes in land cover, particularly vegetation changes. The study was applied to a specific area, the Al-Rashad district in Kirkuk governorate, northeastern Iraq. It searched for the changes in plant cover areas using the spectral signature of crops and supervised classification. To evaluate the vegetation and land cover in the study area, a comparison was made using different datasets with periods 2015, 2018, and 2021. Besides, a spectral signature was used to specify the type of crops obtained from (the Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Space and Communications). A supervised classification approach (Support Vector Machine SVM), was applied for land cover classifications. The land cover variation rates were derived from the Sentinel2 images of the years (2015, 2018, and 2021). The vegetation classes were based on the spectral-spatial analyses of three crops (wheat, barley, and corn). Each crop area had been calculated in each season for three years in the study area. Based on study findings, it was discovered that the vegetation cover had been increased extremely. Vegetation cover area increased 26% and became 322.81 km2 in 2021. Besides, the area of each crop was calculated where Barley and corn have increased in 2021 to become 146.943km2 and 114.351 km2 respectively, while Wheat decreased to become 61.515 km2. Moreover, classification overall accuracy was equal to 85%, 95%, and 85% for 2015, 2018, and 2021 respectively, with kappa coefficient of 0.76, 0.90, and 0.80 respectively.

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Enhancing sustainability in concrete construction: A comprehensive review of plastic waste as an aggregate material

Journal Sustainable Materials and Technologies

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00877

Volume 40

With the proliferation of the population and the evolution of lifestyles, the issue of plastic waste has emerged as a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature and voluminous generation. However, there has been a scarcity of substantial research efforts to examine the influence of plastic waste on the properties of concrete. The current study aims to undertake a comprehensive review of the findings from previous research endeavors, with a specific focus on the period between 2020 and 2024, to investigate the potential of utilizing plastic waste as an aggregate in cement concrete components. To present a comprehensive review of this study, the literature pertaining to the use of plastic waste as aggregates in cement concrete has been examined and analyzed. The key types of plastic waste and their recycling as aggregates in concrete mixtures are briefly discussed. The physical and mechanical properties of these plastics and their impact on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete were evaluated, as well as their economic benefits and the limitations to their usage. The results indicate that the addition of specific categories of plastic waste enhances the workability and reduces the density, compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of concrete to acceptable levels compared to the control samples. The incorporation of plastic waste into the cement concrete matrix leads to significant economic benefits by reducing the consumption of raw materials and the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. The addition of plastic waste as an aggregate in concrete mixtures can also decrease the thermal conductivity property of concrete. Furthermore, the durability properties can be improved with the incorporation of a small quantity of plastic waste. Additionally, the use of plastic waste as an aggregate in concrete mixtures has the potential to reduce production costs and alleviate environmental pollution for a cleaner environment. Therefore, this investigation concludes that the appropriate utilization of plastic waste in construction projects can greatly enhance sustainability and mitigate the adverse impact of plastic waste on the environment.

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Assessing the effects of copolymer modifier addition on asphalt attributes: Towards achieving performance optimization

Journal Construction and Building Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135645

Volume 240

The use of polymers to modify asphalt binders has become a widely accepted practice in modern pavement construction, offering a promising solution to address key factors contributing to asphalt pavement deficiencies. These factors include issues such as rutting, moisture-induced deterioration, and fatigue-related wear. The copolymer referred to as PGXpand was utilized as the modifying additive for the virgin binder in this study. It demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of high-temperature resilience and resistance to rutting. The impact of incorporating the PGXpand on asphalt properties was investigated. A comprehensive series of tests were conducted, covering storage stability, penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, and elastic recovery. Further analyses involved calculations of stiffness modulus, complex modulus, and phase angle. Mechanical and performance evaluations were also carried out, including Marshall properties, moisture susceptibility, creep compliance, and Kim tests. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PGXpand in enhancing asphalt performance, with modified mixtures exhibiting significant improvements compared to their unmodified counterparts. Consequently, integrating the PGXpand into asphalt technology emerges as a highly promising approach for optimizing road infrastructure, especially in regions with high-temperature conditions. Ultimately, such integration contributes substantially to the development of sustainable and resilient transportation networks.

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Effect of nano pam oil fuel ash and nano eggshell powder on concrete durability

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195328

Issue 1

Volume 3014

In this investigation, the efficiency of eggshell powder (ESP) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was assessed as alternative materials to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at different replacement levels. Combining ESP and POFA in nanoparticle size led to the form of a high-pozzolanic reaction during concrete production. The resistance of the pozzolanic concrete towards chemical attack was examined. The quantity of waste materials used as partial cement replacement influences the resistance of concrete against chemical attack. The deterioration of concrete containing both nano eggshell powder and nano palm oil fuel ash increases as the immersion time become longer. Future research is proposed to further explore the kinetic reaction upon inclusion of nano eggshell and nano palm oil fuel ash as partial cement replacement in cementitious environment.

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Using And Optimizing The Recycled Aggregates In Concrete: A Review

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0171434

Issue 1

Volume 2862

Reusing aggregate from building and demolition waste can help protect the ordinary natural aggregate supply, reduce landfill demand, and drive toward a more sustainable environment. This paper examines the recycled history of recycled aggregate and recycled aggregate. A general review of how recycled aggregates were used by previous researchers in recent years and their findings are reviewed in this review paper. In addition, methods for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of recycled aggregate and long-term efficiency such as improving the properties without modifying the recycled aggregate (namely, different concrete mixing designs and the addition of reinforcing fibers) were reviewed. The machine learning model for predicting compressive strength in addition to compressive stress modulus and graphs for recycled aggregate concrete are reviewed, as well as their limitations are discussed. It discusses the research perspectives of recycled aggregate, namely the development of “green” processing methods for recycled aggregate and additional guidance on building a database to predict the strength of recycled aggregate.

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Optimising concrete containing palm oil clinker and palm oil fuel ash using response surface method

Journal Ain Shams Engineering Journal

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102150

Issue 10

Volume 14

Cement production led to the consumption of high energy and generated harmful gases, such as CO2. Therefore, the use of alternative materials becomes necessary. The research attempts to use palm oil clinker (POC) and ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (UPOFA) as a full replacement of coarse aggregate and partial cement replacement, respectively. This study aims to use the response surface method (RSM) to optimise the properties of concrete, namely, density and water absorption. The study investigated the density and water absorption of concrete using RSM. Results showed that the density reduced sharply owing to the full replacement coarse aggregate by POC aggregate. Meanwhile, water absorption increased significantly due to the rise in the POC aggregate replacement. However, water absorption decreased because of the use of UPOFA as cement replacement. The study recommended the use of more UPOFA as cement replacement because of its high pozzolanic property.

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Influence of palm oil fuel ash on the high strength and ultra-high performance concrete: A comprehensive review

Journal Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2023.101492

Volume 45

In recent days, the increase in significant infrastructure projects has led to urgent requirements for the use of high strength concrete (HSC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). However, the use of cement and its derivative products, such as concrete, is associated with a high generation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The construction industry contributes about 8% of the total global CO2 production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use agriculture-waste materials such as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to help reduce environmental concerns associated with concrete. The accumulation of palm oil waste over an extended period of time causes environmental pollution. The use of these materials is expected to improve the environment by reducing the disposal of this waste in landfills and open areas. The chemical composition of POFA can vary depending on the source and processing methods. Elevated levels of impurities such as organic matter, unburned carbon, and chloride content in POFA can adversely affect the setting time, workability, and long-term durability of concrete. The optimal mix proportioning and replacement levels of POFA in concrete need to be carefully determined. Incorporating higher levels of POFA without proper adjustments to the mix design can result in detrimental effects on fresh and hardened concrete properties, including reduced compressive strength and decreased resistance to chemical attacks. This paper will highlight the impacts of POFA on the properties of HSC and UHPC in their fresh and hardened states. Durability and microstructure properties were also discussed. The use of ultrafine POFA helped in reducing the rapid chloride permeability and water absorption of HSC, thus improved its structure. Lastly, some recommendations for future studies are presented.

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Comparative study of the effect of silica nanoparticles and polystyrene on the properties of concrete

Journal Results in Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100405

Volume 18

The current article examined the effect of adding nano silica and polystyrene granules on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of concrete. Nano silica and polystyrene granules were added in proportions (1%, 2%, 3%) to the concrete mixture, and the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the concrete mixtures were examined. The results showed when silica nanoparticles were added, the compressive strength increased, however when polystyrene granules were added, the compressive strength decreased. The thermal conductivity of concrete by adding nano silica and polystyrene granules ranged within (0.43–0.45) W/m. oC. The best percentage of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) and polystyrene granules can be added to concrete to obtain the maximum compressive strength values, which amounted to (3%) and (0.8%), respectively.

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Comparative study of the effect of silica nanoparticles and polystyrene on the properties of concrete

Journal Results in Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100405

Volume 18

The current article examined the effect of adding nano silica and polystyrene granules on the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of concrete. Nano silica and polystyrene granules were added in proportions (1%, 2%, 3%) to the concrete mixture, and the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the concrete mixtures were examined. The results showed when silica nanoparticles were added, the compressive strength increased, however when polystyrene granules were added, the compressive strength decreased. The thermal conductivity of concrete by adding nano silica and polystyrene granules ranged within (0.43–0.45) W/m. oC. The best percentage of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) and polystyrene granules can be added to concrete to obtain the maximum compressive strength values, which amounted to (3%) and (0.8%), respectively.

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Prediction of the Bending Strength of a Composite Steel Beam–Slab Member Filled with Recycled Concrete

Journal Materials

publisher MDPI

DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072748

Issue 7

Volume 16

This study investigated the structural behavior of a beam–slab member fabricated using a steel C-Purlins beam carrying a profile steel sheet slab covered by a dry board sheet filled with recycled aggregate concrete, called a CBPDS member. This concept was developed to reduce the cost and self-weight of the composite beam–slab system; it replaces the hot-rolled steel I-beam with a steel C-Purlins section, which is easier to fabricate and weighs less. For this purpose, six full-scale CBPDS specimens were tested under four-point static bending. This study investigated the effect of using double C-Purlins beams face-to-face as connected or separated sections and the effect of using concrete material that contains different recycled aggregates to replace raw aggregates. Test results confirmed that using double C-Purlins beams with a face-to-face configuration achieved better concrete confinement behavior than a separate configuration did; specifically, a higher bending capacity and ductility index by about +10.7% and +15.7%, respectively. Generally, the overall bending behavior of the tested specimens was not significantly affected when the infill concrete’s raw aggregates were replaced with 50% and 100% recycled aggregates; however, their bending capacities were reduced, at −8.0% and −11.6%, respectively, compared to the control specimen (0% recycled aggregates). Furthermore, a new theoretical model developed during this study to predict the nominal bending strength of the suggested CBPDS member showed acceptable mean value (0.970) and standard deviation (3.6%) compared with the corresponding test results.

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Properties of rubberized cement mortar containing silica fume

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0105414

Issue 1

Volume 2651

Currently, increased production of various goods and supplies such as car tires led to an excessive amount of worn tires making disposal a major issue as waste rubber derived from tires are not easily degraded or decomposed therefore many research has been undertaken to use these materials in engineering purposes to reduce their negative environmental impacts such as cement mortar to reduce its adverse environmental influences. this study shows the possibility of using crumb rubber in mortar by partially replacing (5%,9%,13%,17%,21%,25%, and 29%) of fine aggregate by volume, with silica fume included as partial substitution (15%) of cement weight to see their influence on cement mortar properties and comparing their performances with the controlled specimens having no crumb rubber such as water absorption, unit weight, shrinkage, compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength with varying rubber replacement levels. The results obtained from the study were that compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength reduce when increasing the rubber content in mortar. In conversely, the incorporation of silica fume into the composite, on the other hand, enhanced the mechanical properties of the mortars and moderated the rate of strength drop. When the substitute fraction was increased, water absorption increased. When the percentage of replacement in mortar cement rises, the density decreases. Also, as the amount of rubber rises, shrinkage decreases.

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Flexural Performance of a Novel Steel Cold-Formed Beam–PSSDB Slab Composite System Filled with Concrete Material

Journal Buildings

publisher MDPI

DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020432

Issue 2

Volume 13

In this study, the flexural performance of a new composite beam–slab system filled with concrete material was investigated, where this system was mainly prepared from lightweight cold-formed steel sections of a beam and a deck slab for carrying heavy floor loads as another concept of a conventional composite system with a lower cost impact. For this purpose, seven samples of a profile steel sheet–dry board deck slab (PSSDB/PDS) carried by a steel cold-formed C-purlins beam (CB) were prepared and named “composite CBPDS specimen”, which were tested under a static bending load. Specifically, the effects of the profile steel sheet (PSS) direction (parallel or perpendicular to the span of the specimen) using different C-purlins configurations (double sections connected face-to-face, double separate sections, and a single section) were investigated. The research discussed the specimens’ failure modes, flexural behavior, bending capacity, bending strain relationships, and energy absorption index of specimens. Generally, the CBPDS specimens with the PSS slab placed in a parallel direction achieved approximately a 13–40% higher bending capacity compared with the corresponding specimens with a perpendicular PSS direction (depending on the configuration of the beam). Fabricating the beam of the CBPDS specimen with double C-purlins (face-to-face) led to more effective concrete confinement behavior compared with the double separate C-purlins beam. The related specimen recorded a 10% higher bending capacity. Finally, the suggested composite CBPDS system exhibited a sufficient energy absorption capability of the static bending load because it demonstrated high strength and high ductility.

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Optimization of sustainable concrete characteristics incorporating palm oil clinker and nano-palm oil fuel ash using response surface methodology

Journal Powder Technology

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118054

Volume 413

The production of concrete by replacing cement and aggregates with biomass materials is a low-carbon footprint and low-cost approach. In this study, the influences of nano-palm oil fuel ash (NPOFA) and palm oil clinker (POC) partially replaced instead of cement (0, 15% and 30%) and coarse aggregate (0, 50%, 100%) into sustainable concrete on workability and compressive strength are investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) methods. The RSM forecasting has presented satisfactory outcomes in optimizing the quantity of POC and NPOFA in the production of concrete with acceptable strength. The peak compressive strength is achieved for the mixture containing 0% POC and 15% NPOFA, and the mixture containing 100% POC and 30% NPOFA has the lowest compressive strength. The optimum condition is successfully predicted using RSM. The use of NPOFA binder enhances the workability and compressive strength of concrete material, in addition to enhancing the sustainability of the concrete industry. Meanwhile, the results of economic and environmental assessments also show that the addition of NPOFA and POC significantly reduces the cost and carbon emissions of concrete, and the effect of NPOFA is even more pronounced. This method might result in the noteworthy consumption of POC and NPOFA in the production of concrete and assist in achieving environmental sustainability by reducing the agricultural and industrial waste by-products.

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Influence of different curing methods on the compressive strength of ultra-high-performance concrete: A comprehensive review

Journal Case Studies in Construction Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01390

Volume 17

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a distinguishing material used in new construction and conjunction with conventional concrete. However, some issues limit the wider application of UHPC, such as high autogenous shrinkage, low workability for large-volume production, high cost, and unpredictable peak curing method. This comprehensive study aims to clarify the different effects of curing methods on the strength development of normal concrete and UHPC. The present article reviews studies that used microwave curing, autoclave curing, carbon curing, steam curing, electric curing, ambient and air curing and water to determine their effect on compressive strength. All the curing methods achieved satisfactory values of compressive strength. However, it is not practical to specify the peak curing regimes for concrete or UHPC since the best results need critical monitoring of curing parameters. The time when the samples are demolded and subjected to hydrothermal and thermal treatments varies in the literature since it depends on the binder setting time. That time should be carefully selected to avoid adverse effects and to maximise output. A combination of these curing regimes could be used together or with pressure or heat to further improve the compressive strength. In addition to the type of materials used, the curing temperature and duration significantly affect the overall performance of concrete. This review is expected to guide future research and provide an overview of the research field.

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Effect of recycled waste glass on the properties of high-performance concrete: A critical review

Journal Case Studies in Construction Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01149

Volume 17

Solid waste disposal is one of the major environmental concerns. Disposal of waste glass into open areas and landfills is one of the major threats that pollutes the environment in addition to the cases of health hazards around the world. Recycling the discarded glass as a sustainable construction material have received an increasing attention in the construction industry as it may mitigate the greenhouse emissions and potential environmental risks. This paper presents a brief review on the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of normal and high-performance concrete containing waste glass aggregates (WGA). The size, type, replacement ratio of the WGA, in addition to the mixing and curing methods of concrete significantly affects the mechanical and durability characteristics. The concrete containing powdered glass exhibited superior durability properties on account of the refined pore structure and densified microstructure. The findings exhibited that waste glass can be potentially utilised as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete production, along with the advanced recommendations for further studies.

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The mechanical properties of lightweight (volcanic pumice) concrete containing fibers with exposure to high temperatures

Journal Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials

publisher De Gruyter Open Ltd

DOI https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0249/html

Issue 1

Volume 32

Fire is considered one of the main risks leading to building collapse. Lightweight concrete comprises a variety of components, each of which has a distinct behavior under the effect of temperature change. A total of 16 concrete mixtures were investigated in this article. A reference mix of concrete comprising simply ordinary Portland cement and ten mixes having varying percentages of fine and coarse lightweight aggregates (pumice), which were replaced gravel and sand by fine pumice and coarse aggregates pumice by 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, respectively. In addition, the study focused on the effects of adding fibers to lightweight aggregate concrete mixtures. Polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers, and steel fibers were employed as fiber additions. The binary mixture had higher density than the remaining mixtures containing one substitute. The behavior of six concrete mixes in addition to the reference mix of ordinary concrete after exposure to temperatures 100, 250, 350 and 450°C for 2 h and then cooled in two ways (water and air) as well as examined directly and the results showed that the concrete mixes containing fiber had better behavior compared to other mixtures, especially at high temperature. If left to cool in the air, the lightweight concrete containing volcanic pumice can recover its compression strength after being exposed to high temperatures.

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An overview of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Nano Concrete

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0094450

Issue 1

Volume 2398

In This article the nanomaterial effect on concrete was discussed. Nowadays, nanotechnology has received wide attention to enhance conventional concrete properties. In contrast, the topic of this research is to find thermal insulation and related material with good mechanical properties, so nanomaterial was added to concrete mixtures to take advantage of the nanoparticle's enhanced properties on concrete and mortar in terms of thermal insulation. In latest research, researchers have been carried out to boost the portability of concrete on thermal insulation by manufacturing lightweight concrete. As it is known to have low compressive strength, considering that the density reduction of concrete is one of the thermal insulation methods. The researchers find that using nanomaterial is a good topic in improving concrete's mechanical and thermal properties by reviewing previous research. Also, it affirms the necessity of continuing scientific efforts to study various factors affecting nanomaterial use in concrete. The present article aims to review research that has used nanomaterials to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete, identify the positive and negative aspects of using nanomaterials in concrete, and define future directions for nanotechnology in building and construction technology globally. Also includes the most important design and operational variables influencing the use of nanotechnology in concrete to reach a reliable reliability of nonconcrete technology.

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Sustainable application of coal bottom ash as fine aggregates in concrete: A comprehensive review

Journal Case Studies in Construction Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01109

Volume 16

The significant sustainability awareness in the construction industry coupled with the need for the industry to reduce its negative environmental impacts has resulted in the use of various ‎industrial wastes in construction ‎applications such as in the production of concrete. Various industrial wastes can be utilized as ‎partial or total replacements for some components in concrete. Such industrial waste that ‎can be utilized as fine aggregate in the production of concrete is coal bottom ash (CBA). Various studies have utilized CBA as fine aggregate in various types of concrete including high-strength concrete and there has been significant interest in the continuous use of CBA in concrete. To propel more application of CBA in various concrete types and to increase the understanding of the effect of the CBA on the properties of concrete, this comprehensive review was carried out. The properties explored are fresh, mechanical, durability and microstructural properties of concrete incorporating varying proportions of CBA. Findings from the existing studies indicate there exists a significant variation in the impact of CBA on the properties of various concretes. Nonetheless, numerous studies showed that CBA can be utilized as a sustainable alternative to the conventional natural fine aggregates to produce normal and high-strength concrete. Hence, this study recommends carrying out additional studies in this area to evaluate the effect of the physical and chemical properties of CBA on the resulting properties of concrete.‎

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Optimizing the concrete strength of lightweight concrete containing nano palm oil fuel ash and palm oil clinker using response surface method

Journal Case Studies in Construction Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01061

Volume 16

Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has gradually gained popularity as a significant material in the concrete industry worldwide. One of the important lightweight aggregates is palm oil clinker (POC). Moreover, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) can be used as a partial cement replacement in concrete. This paper presents a study in which POFA of Nano-particle size was used to enhance the lower performance of LWAC made with POC aggregate. The Nano-POFA (NPOFA) was used as cement replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% and POC aggregate was used as coarse aggregate at replacement levels of 0%, 50%, and 100%. Flexural and split tensile strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) were investigated for different concrete mixtures. For optimizing the parameters of the mix design, the response surface method (RSM) was adopted, and within it, a central composite design (CCD) approach was used. The results show that the interaction of POC and NPOFA affects the responses (UPV, flexural and tensile strengths). However, the POC tends to decrease all the responses. Whereas, the NPOFA tends to increase it especially at later ages. The highest UPV, flexural and split tensile strengths were observed for mixture (M7) that were 4375 m/s, 8.53 MPa, and 5.38 MPa, respectively. It can be concluded that the optimization method by RSM is an active way to enhance the mix design of LWAC.

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Exploring engineering properties of waste tire rubber for construction applications - a review of recent advances

Journal Materialstoday proceedings

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.228

Issue 2

Volume 53

A sizeable amount of tire rubber waste is generated due to the increasing number of road automobile users all over the world. The accumulation of this waste in the open area poses environmental threats and therefore requires suitable treatments. The use of waste obtained from tire rubber as a construction material could contribute to a circular economy, while at the same time be an eco-friendly method of minimizing the depletion of raw materials used for the development of building materials. This study aims to show the impact of crumb rubber (CR) on the properties of concrete. This review covers the environmental consideration of fresh and hardened properties of composites developed using waste tires. The results show that the plastic nature of CR with suitable admixture led to increasing slump value and consequently enhanced the CR concrete workability.

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Improving the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of concrete using Nano-SiO2

Journal Results in Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100303

Volume 12

The use of nanotechnology in the construction industry and building structures is one of the important topics of construction engineering today. This study aims to discover the effect of Nano-silica (SiO2) on concrete's mechanical and thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and compressive strength. It is studied and discussed in this article. Nano-silica was added at percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) as a replacement percentage of the weight of the cement. It was noted through the results that there is a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient values, which ranged between (0.5–0.92) W/m °C in the mixtures containing Nano-silica, which means an increase in the thermal insulation ability of Nano-concrete by (41.8%, 53.15%, and 65.57%) respectively. A decrease in the specific heat capacity values was observed compared to conventional concrete. The values of the specific heat capacity of Nano-concrete increased to 896 when J/kg K for 3% Nano silica was added. Also, the results showed an increase in the compressive strength values of the models at rates of (21.49%, 24.25%, 32.45%) respectively, compared to the conventional concrete. We note that the maximum values of the compressive strength and the lowest value of the thermal conductivity coefficient were at a rate of (3%). It also became clear that the compressive strength also increases with age. Finally, Thermal insulation of buildings is the most effective way to save energy in buildings, and the importance of the current article stems from obtaining concrete with good mechanical properties and distinctive thermal insulation.

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Mechanical properties of semi-lightweight concrete containing nano-palm oil clinker powder

Journal Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2021.102977

Volume 121

The traditional materials used in concrete will run out some day. Therefore, waste materials can be used as an alternative material in concrete production. Palm oil clinker (POC) is one of these wastes. A new method to improve the performance of waste material characteristics is to treat and grind the waste materials to achieve nano-particle size. This study focused on the improvement of concrete strength by using different proportions of nano-palm oil clinker powder (NPOCP) as cement replacement, with a full replacement of POC as the coarse aggregate. Numerous replacement levels for cement have been conducted using NPOCP with 0% as the control mix and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the total binder weight to test slump, density and compressive strength. Results illustrated that the workability of semi-lightweight aggregate concrete (semi-LWAC) increases along with the increase of NPOCP content. Density also decreases along with the increase of NPOCP in the concrete mix. Moreover, the NPOCP with 40% as replacement level has the lowest compressive strength value among all other mixtures, and the 10% replacement level has the highest compressive strength of 39 MPa.

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Modal analysis of I-section & square hollow section of universal steel beam with sustainable carbon steel using solid works

Journal Journal of Green Engineering

publisher Alpha Publishers

Issue 1

Volume 11

In this paper, Solid Works software analysis is used for promote a three-dimension geometry finite element (FE) model for simulating the flexural behavior of I-section &Square hollow part of universal carbon steel beam. Furthermore, the analytical results with the same moment capacity were compared between I-section and square hollow section of universal steel beam in order to analyze the simulation output and compares the structural performances of the beams. The FE model was used to determine the stress, strain, and displacement for all steel beams. Also, represent a realistic solid mechanics and heat transfer engineering problem into a finite element model. Furthermore, to use Solid Work by build a computational model, run simulations, and analyze the output of the simulation when solving for simple solid mechanics and heat transfer problems using FEM-based software and to confidently identify the optimum design. Analysis Finite element method was performed toward determine and study the effects of geometrical on both modal steel beams with carbon steel under uniformly distributed transverse load. The cross section considered in this study includes of dimensions D = 533 mm the total length of section, and the thickness of the flange T = 15.6 mm, B = 210 mm length of the flange, t = 10 mm the thickness of the web, d = 476.5 mm the length of the web for I-section beam. Furthermore for square hollow section beam with the dimensions of 400 x 400 mm and the thickness is t = 12.5 mm. In this study, the load that has applied for the both beams was 1000N and with the same length which was 1000mm and using the same material which was carbon steel for square hollow section and I-section beam as well. It was found that the displacement of square hollow section was bigger than the displacement in I-section beam; due to less thickness of I-section beam.

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Estimation of compressive strength and A/C ratio for concrete in north Iraq by using the NDT method

Journal Advances in Mechanics

DOI https://advancesinmechanics.com/pdf/158-364.pdf

Issue 3

Volume 9

The objective of this study was to develop relationships and equations that might estimate concrete compressive strength and aggregate to cement ratio (A/C ratio) for concrete based on different workability by using Schmidt hummer and design of concrete mix by using naturally available materials in Nineveh, northern Iraq. Two groups of concrete mixes with different workability were prepared for this study. Group1 mixes have a selected slump of (10-30mm), while group 2 mixes have a selected slump of (60-180mm). Each group of five mixes has a strength range of 15-55 MPa with different A/C ratios. Six 150mm side length cubes were made for each mixture for testing compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The RN test was performed at the age of 28 days. The results revealed that, at the same strength level, the concrete mixes in group1 had a larger RN than those in group2. Against RN, linear regression equations were found between crushing compressive strength and A/C ratio.

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Reinforced Concrete Slabs Containing Recycled Concrete as Coarse Aggregate

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

publisher IOP Publishing Ltd

DOI https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/978/1/012032

Issue 1

Volume 978

This research presents an experimental study on the performance of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) that contains one of two types of recycled coarse aggregate, one from normal concrete and another from self-compacting concrete (SCC). The replacement percentages (by weight) of natural coarse aggregate with the recycled coarse aggregate are (0, 33.3, 66.7 & 100) % by weight. Moreover, Silica Fume was used as an admixture for all (RAC) mixtures. Concrete compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strengths were studied for all of the reference and (RAC) mixtures at (28) days age, by testing concrete cubes, cylinders and reinforced concrete slabs specimens respectively. The results showed that the using of recycled waste concrete as concrete as aggregate will largely decreasing the slabs flexure strength while using of recycled (SCC) mixtures have relatively small effect in reducing the slabs flexure strength. The adding of silica fume to the concrete mix will increasing the slabs flexural strength and that increase is larger for recycled (SCC) aggregate mixtures than the recycled concrete aggregate mixtures. The results also indicate that the compressive strength and tensile strength are decreased by different ratio when using of recycled waste concrete as aggregate, while using of recycled (SCC) aggregate will also reduce the tensile strength and the modulus of rupture while the compressive strength increased when using this type of recycled aggregate. On the other hand, the mixtures with the Silica Fume showed a significant enhancement in the mechanical properties compared to those without the Silica Fume.

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Effects of nano-palm oil fuel ash and nano-eggshell powder on concrete

Journal Construction and Building Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119790

Volume 261

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product from palm oil manufacturing and is currently disposed to open areas and landfills without treatment, thereby causing environment pollution. Grinding POFA to nanoparticles called NPOFA results in increased pozzolanic activity. Meanwhile, eggshells (ESs) are a biowaste from restaurants. They are disposed to landfills, thus generating undesirable gases and causing environmental damages. ES powder (ESP) has a large amount of calcium oxide, which is essential for hydration in concrete production. In this study, ESP was used to induce low calcium content in NPOFA. Cement was replaced with NPOFA at ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% to produce green concrete, and the ESP proportions constituted 2.5% and 5% of the total binders. The curing ages were 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that NPOFA exhibited a significant improvement in strength of developed green concrete. ESP improved concrete durability by reducing water absorption. Therefore, this concrete may have high resistance to environmental attacks, such as those involving sulfates and acids.

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The present state of the use of eggshell powder in concrete: A review

Journal Journal of Building Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101583

Volume 32

Eggshell (ES) is a bio-waste material obtained from bakers and fast-food restaurants. This waste material is generally disposed of in landfills, causing health hazards and polluting the environment. Eggshell powder (ESP) has high amounts of calcium and can be combined with pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash, which have low calcium content. This paper presents the results of the latest studies on the utilization of ESP as a filler, cement and fine aggregate. The chemical composition, physical properties and fresh and hardened properties of ESP concrete at different proportions are also presented. Results indicate the potential of using ESP with other pozzolanic materials to improve concrete properties and reduce cement production, thereby minimizing environmental pollution. The compressive, flexural and tensile strengths have also been improved with the use of some materials with ESP as cement replacement. However, some studies reported a reduction when cement is replaced with high percentages of ESP, particularly those larger than 10%. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity decreases with high levels of replacement. The specific gravity of ESP was found to be lower than that of cement. The durability and water absorption of concrete were reduced with the addition of ESP.

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Effect of chemicals and physicals waste nano-SiO2 on behavior of cement mortar

Journal Journal of Green Engineering

publisher Alpha Publishers

Issue 7

Volume 10

This work investigated cement mortars with Nano-SiO2 in terms of features. It also analyzed the mechanical features of cement mortars after adding Nano-SiO2. Nano SiO2 could react with cement to produce new strong bonds to strengthen the concrete. First, hydrophobic Nano SiO2 (HPS) was added to the cement mortars by 0.2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 wt.% for mixes (M2-M6). Then, the same amounts of hydrophilic Nano SiO2 (HLS) were added to mixes (M7-M11). The results indicate that 2.5% of HLS gave the greatest strength which relies on the chemical and physical HLS manufacturers. The HPS was converted into HLS by exposing the sample to a high temperature about (1000 ±2) C0 to break down the monolayer organic chain covering the Nanoparticles. This was to produce high-performance concrete. Mechanical and chemical methods were used to manufacture HLS from waste materials. These materials are compared with the silica extracted in its ideal condition (commercial) consisting of 99.1% SiO2.The addition of 2.5% wt. HLS (commercial) containing 99.1% SiO2 increased the mortar strength by 100%. However, with the addition of 2.5% wt Nano waste ceramic (HLCPS), which includes 65% SiO2, the mortar is stronger than the reference mix by 60%. Also, it the addition of 2.5% wt strengthen the mortar by 80%. The Nano silica is a synthesis of barley wastes (HLBGS), Nano SiO2 by HNO3 acid 10% w/v, and 80% SiO2.SiO2 reacted with calcium hydroxide formed from calcium silicate hydration. The pozzolanic reaction was proportional to the surface area available for reaction. This work attempted to test the effects of the addition of Nanoparticles on cement mortars and to compare (HLS) and (HPS) effects on enhancing the compressive strength of the concrete mortar. It also aimed to examine the physical and chemical manufacturing features of Nanoparticles from waste materials.

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Effect of high-volume ultrafine palm oil fuel ash on the engineering and transport properties of concrete

Journal Case Studies in Construction Materials

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00318

Volume 12

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product in palm oil manufacturing and is currently disposed to open areas and landfills without any previous treatment, thereby causing environment pollution. The use of small-particle-sized ground POFA to prepare ultrafine POFA (UPOFA) is a suitable method to improve its characteristics as a supplementary cementitious material. Although high-volume POFA exhibits reduced mechanical properties in the early ages, heat treatment and further grinding reduce its carbon content and increase its pozzolanic activity. In this study, UPOFA was used to minimise the cement content in concrete mix. Cement was replaced with UPOFA at 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ratios to produce green concrete. Results revealed that the UPOFA showed remarkable improvement in concrete strength, especially with 20 % and 40 % substitution levels. By contrast, the compressive strength reduced at high replacement levels to be 34.5 MPa at 28 days. The water absorption of concrete containing UPOFA is considerably reduced, thus improving the concrete's durability.

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Microstructure and structural analysis of polypropylene fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete beams exposed to elevated temperature

Journal Journal of Building Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101167

Volume 29

Despite the superior properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC), the possibility of spalling under fire conditions still exists, which can lead to a significant reduction in the fire endurance of reinforced concrete members. This study investigates the efficiency of using the different percentages of polypropylene fibres (PPFs) for enhancing the fire resistance of reinforced beams made from RPC. Five RPC beams were tested by applying two concentrated loads. One of them (without PPFs) was tested under monotonic load up to failure. The other four beams were subjected to service load, and then controlled fire was applied for 120 min in accordance with the fire temperature vs. time curve prescribed in ASTM E 119. Loading tests were then conducted on the beams that were not completely damaged through fire testing, in order to examine their remaining strength after cooling. Experimental results showed that non-fibrous reinforced RPC beams suffer early spalling during the fire test, thus causing beam failure after 38 min of fire exposure. The addition of PPFs in a low volume percentage (0.25%) decreases spalling and delays beam failure until 115 min, whereas PPFs in high percentages (0.75% and 1.25%) completely prevent the spalling and beam collapse. Moreover, an increase in PPF content reduces the total deflection of a beam and improves the residual strength and ultimate strength of fire-failed beams subsequent to cooling.

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Investigating the behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced reactive powder concrete beams after exposure to elevated temperatures

Journal Journal of Materials Research and Technology

publisher Elsevier Ltd

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.029

Issue 2

Volume 9

This study investigated the structural behaviour of reinforced reactive powder concrete (RPC) beams under service load and fire exposure. The beams were composed of hybrid fibres (50% polypropylene fibres and 50% steel fibres) at different volume fractions relative to nonfibrous-reinforced RPC beams. The bottom and both sides of the beams which were simply supported and loaded with two-point loads were exposed to a controlled fire for 120 min in accordance with ASTM E 119 standard time-temperature curve. The midspan deflection was recorded every 5 min. The experiment also included loading tests on fire-damaged beams after cooling. The nonfibrous-reinforced RPC beams failed during the fire test after 38 min because of the spalling of the reinforcement cover which directly exposed the reinforcing steel to elevated temperatures. By contrast, the beams with hybrid fibres could resist failure during the entire test period. The rate of increase in deflection during fire exposure declined with an increase in hybrid fibre content. Increases in fibre volume fraction from 0.25% to 0.75% and 1.25% decreased the midspan deflection of the reinforced RPC beams by 33% and 36%, respectively. Adding hybrid fibres could considerably improve the residual stiffness of fire-damaged beams.

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The influence of wood ash on different cement mortar mixes

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher American Institute of Physics Inc.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000392

Volume 2213

The effect of fixed amount of wood ash on the different mortar mixes with other materials and their influence on fresh or hardened concrete mortar properties has been studied. The preparation of Ash become by burn the wood in 200 C, so this process is called as" Wood Ash (WA)", fumed silica (FS) which is commercial material having Nano particles size with water soluble material, fly ash (FA) and quartz sand (QS) were used in different mortar mixes. The mortar strength and fresh properties are increased by adding the wood Ash. The compressive strength was increased by comparing it with the control mortar mix. Wood ashes work as fly ash or fumed silica due to the shape of the particles size after burning and grinding it to ultra-fine particles.

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The use of palm oil clinker as a sustainable construction material: A review

Journal Cement and Concrete Composites

publisher Elsevier Ltd

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103447

Volume 106

Waste byproducts of palm oil can potentially help preserve non-renewable resources and enhance the sustainable, environmental, and economic characteristics of the construction industry if used as alternative construction materials. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a waste byproduct of palm oil mills, which is obtained after burning the solid palm oil waste for producing electricity. Recently, significant research has focused on the usage of POC as lightweight concrete aggregate. The present paper presents and examines the physical and chemical properties of POC as well as the mechanical properties of palm oil clinker concrete (POCC). POC has a lower specific gravity than the conventional weight aggregates, thus it has low density that enables the weight of the resulting concrete to reduce. The concrete containing POC would have a lower density as well as compressive strength than the normal aggregate concrete. The present review is significant for the future studies to identify the knowledge gaps and address the shortfalls in other aspects. In addition, this paper could be a base knowledge for researchers to encourage them to use green and sustainable materials that have great benefits to the environment and cost less if compared with the conventional materials.

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Hashim, D. T., Al-Attar, A. A., & Kzar, N. A. (2020). Investigation of Plastic Hinge Length for Reinforced Concrete Wall (No. 2696).

Journal EasyChair

Abdul-Rahman, M., Al-Attar, A. A., Hamada, H. M., & Tayeh, B. (2020). Microstructure and structural analysis of polypropylene fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete beams exposed to elevated temperature.

Journal Journal of Building Engineering

Volume 101167, 29

Behavior of foamed concrete reinforced with hybrid fibers and exposed to elevated temperatures

Journal SN Applied Sciences

publisher Springer Nature

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1856-7

Volume 2

This paper demonstrates the behavior of foamed concrete reinforced with either or both carbon fibers and polypropylene fibers exposed to elevated temperatures. Various volumetric fractions of carbon fibers (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) were used to reinforce foamed concrete mix. Also, hybrid fibers of carbon fibers (CF) and polypropylene fibers (PPF) as 1%CF + 0.5% PPF and 0.5%CF + 1%PPF were prepared. Lastly, the mono polypropylene fibers as 1.5% PPF were used to reinforce the foamed concrete mix. These different mixes were tested, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural toughness tests. Besides, the heating procedure of the specimens was done by applying them to different burning degrees, which were 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 °C. The results illustrated that the compressive and flexural tensile strengths of lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) decreased with the increasing temperature. However, the highest effects on these strengths appeared once the temperature raised to 400 °C. The LWFC mix reinforced with polypropylene fiber exhibits more sensitive to elevated temperature than LWFC mixes reinforced with carbon fiber due to low melting point of polypropylene fiber.

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Different configurations of cores and shear walls in tall buildings

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

publisher Institute of Physics Publishing

DOI https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/357/1/012005

Issue 1

Volume 357

A core system for buildings has been recognized as an effective tool for managing the response of the building when an earthquake happens by decoupling the building structure from potentially damaging earthquake-induced forces. A challenging issue in this context is the application of the configuration of the core system. A review of recent studies shows that the configuration of cores has not been substantial investigated. This study presents seismic design concepts in which different configurations of cores are applied to a building. Nine steel buildings were modeled with rectangular core, octagon core, circle core, lozenge core, cross core, multi core, irregular core 1, and irregular core 2. All structural models are subjected to components of the 1940 El Centro earthquake and are evaluated and compared with the response of a structure without core. All models were also compared with and without opening in cores. The performance of the structural models under seismic excitation was evaluated by conducting linear dynamic time history analysis. Seismic results are investigated in terms of joint displacement and structure internal member forces. Results show that the presence of irregular core 1 significantly reduces the seismic response of the structure in this plane. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Compressive strength of class F fly ash blended geopolymer- hybrid mortar

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

publisher Institute of Physics Publishing

DOI https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/357/1/012019

Issue 1

Volume 357

Day by day construction industry require large amounts of cement to satisfy development of buildings, facilities and infrastructures, that demand presented undesirable increase in CO2 emitted the environment as 1 ton of cement produce approximately 1 ton of CO2. Aiming to reduce usage of Portland cement new technology of binders was researched such as Geopolymer binders. General composition of geopolymer contain aluminosilicate source materials such as fly ash or fly ash combined with GGBFS, and alkaline activator such as a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate solution. However, geopolymers suffer from some limitations such as the variation in chemical content, the calcium content, dosage of alkaline activator and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, additionally geopolymers has brittleness and low toughness which require additional materials to mitigate normally some sort of reinforcement fibres which can drive the cost very high. The objective of this research is to investigate the enhancement in compressive strength of geopolymer mortar by incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) with class F fly ash in blended geopolymer, also the addition of commercial grout to form blended geopolymer-hybrid mortar. GGBFS replaced fly ash by 10%,20% and 30% of total mass, and commercial grout then was added by 10%,20% and 30% to each blended mixture. All samples where cured in ambient temperature. It was found that incorporating GGBFS and commercial grout increase the compressive strength in early age of curing and slightly at 28 days. Furthermore, 10M concentration of NaOH yielded the highest strength with the blended geopolymer-hybrid mortar. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Effects of soil-structure interaction on base-isolated structures

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

publisher Institute of Physics Publishing

DOI https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/357/1/012031

Issue 1

Volume 357

Structural integrity and seismic protection of the buildings against earthquake have been challenging among structural engineers. Many studies have been devoted to development of seismic isolators to improve the seismic behavior of civil structures. This study presents the analysis of building structures with SAP2000 considering soil structure interaction and base isolation effects under El Centro. Four different models are analyzed including fixed base structure, base isolated structure, frame supported by spring representing the soil and structure with combined base isolation and spring. The seismic results are investigated in terms of displacement, shear force, axial force, moment and drift of the columns and beams. It was observed that the soil structure interaction provides some flexibility to the structure by increasing the displacements of the structure and imposing internal forces variation to the system. Therefore, modeling base isolation together with consideration of soil structure interaction leads to better prediction of structural response.

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Almufarji, M. J., Hejazi, F., & Al-Attar, A. A. (2019, November). Compressive strength of class F fly ash blended geopolymer-hybrid mortar.

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Issue Vol. 357, No. 1

Volume 012019

Aden, M. A., Al-Attar, A. A., Hejazi, F., Dalili, M., & Ostovar, N. (2019, November). Effects of soil-structure interaction on base-isolated structures.

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Issue Vol. 357, No. 1

Volume 012031

Paknahad, M., Hejazi, F., Al-Attar, A. A., Shahbazian, A., & Ostovar, N. (2019, November). Different configurations of cores and shear walls in tall buildings.

Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Issue Vol. 357, No. 1

Volume 012005

Al-Attar, A. A., Abdulrahman, M. B., Hamada, H. M., & Tayeh, B. A. (2019). Investigating the behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced reactive powder concrete beams after exposure to elevated temperatures.

Journal J. Mater. Res. Technol.

Elevated temperature effects on the behavior of one-way fibrous reinforced concrete slabs

Journal International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE)

publisher Science Publishing Corporation Inc

DOI https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.37.24097

Issue 4

Volume 7

In this research, the effect of elevated temperature on the flexural behavior of one-way reinforced concrete slabs under service static loads contain different volume fraction (0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25%) of steel fibers and different addition ratios (15%, 20% and 25%) of fly ash in addition to the reference slabs with not any additives was studied. For this purpose, thirty cylinders (150 * 300)mm, thirty prisms (100 * 100 * 500)mm and forty one-way slabs (900 * 350 * 70) mm were cast and tested. The one-way tested slabs were divided into two groups. The first group (of twenty slabs) were tested to determine the ultimate flexural strength under static loads at normal temperature. While the second group (of twenty slabs) were tested to determine the flexural behavior of slabs under static service loads at elevated temperature (using burning furnace). In this test, the samples are exposed to rising temperature reached 850?. From these tests, the relationships between the load and mid-span deflection as well as the relations between the fire-time and mid-span deflection are measured. The results showed that the addition of steel fibers and fly ash particles will enhance the flexural behavior of concrete slabs. The highest increase in ultimate load compared to the reference slab was (28.31%) at the volume ratio 1.25% of the steel fibers and 25% of the fly ash at normal temperatures, And the rate of increase of the deflection with fire time was the lowest increase rate is 14.1% at the volume of 1.25% of steel fibers and the proportion of weight 20% of fly ash at high temperature.

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Effect of different curing conditions on the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete

Journal The 3rd International Conference on Buildings, Construction and Environmental Engineering, BCEE3-2017

publisher EDP Sciences

DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816202014

Volume 162

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is an ultra-high performance concrete which has superior mechanical and physical properties, and composed of cement and very fine powders such as quartz sand and silica fume with very low water/ binder ratio and Superplasticizer. Heat treatment is a well-known method that can further improve the performance of (RPC). The current research including an experimental study of the effect of different curing conditions on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete (compressive strength, modulus of rupture and splitting tensile strength), the curing conditions includes three type of curing; immersion in water at temperature of 35 OC (which is considered as the reference-curing situation), immersion in water at temperature of 90 OC for 5 hours daily and curing with hot steam for 5 hours daily) until 28 days according to ASTM C684-99 [8]. This research includes also the study of effect of adding silica fume as percentage of cement weight on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete for different percentage ratios (5%,10% and 15%). Super plasticizer is also used with ratio of (1.8%) by weight of cementitious material; constant water cement ratio (0.24) was used for all mixes. For each reactive concrete mix, it has been cast into a cubes of (150*150*150) (to conduct the compression test), a cylinders of 150mm diameter with 300mm height (to conduct split test) and prisms of (500*100*100)mm to conduct the modulus of rupture test. The results showed that the best method of curing (according to its enhancing the RPC mechanical properties) is the method of immersion in hot water at temperature 90 OC for the all silica fume percentages, and the best used silica fume percentage was (10%) for the all used curing methods.

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Mazin Burhan Adeen, , and Alya›A. Abbas Al-Attar (2018). ” Eleveted Temperature Effect on the Behaviour of one –Way Fiber brous Reinforced Concrete Slabs.”

Journal International Journal of Engineering &Technology

Issue 184-179

Volume (2018) (4.37)7

Abdul-Rahman, M. B., Al-attar, A. A., & Younus, A. M. (2018). Elevated temperature effects on the behavior of one-way fibrous reinforced concrete slabs.

Journal Int J Eng Technol

Volume 184-179, (437)7

SaleemKhazaal, A., Ali, A. A., & Lateef, A. M. (2016). Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacted Concrete.

Journal Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences

Volume 52-40, (1)23

Al-Attar, A. A., M. B. Adeen, A. S. Khazaal, and A. S. Tause. «Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Reinforced Self- Compacting Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature.»

Journal The 2 nd International Conference of Buildings, Construction and Environmental Engineering (BCEE2015-2)

Volume 85

Abdullah, Arjan Fakhraldin, Mazin Burhan Adeen, and Alya›A. Abbas Al-Attar. «Studying Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Fibrous Self-Compacted Concrete T-Beams Strengthened with CFRP SHEETS.»

Journal International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

Issue Volume3-

Volume Issue8-

Synthesis of titanium nano-particles via chemical vapor condensation processing

Journal Journal of Alloys and Compounds

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.02.133

Issue 19

Volume 509

In the present study, titanium nano-particles have been synthesized using chemical vapor condensation (CVC) process. Reaction of sodium and titanium tetrachloride vapors in the tube furnace resulted in the production of titanium nano-particles that were encapsulated in sodium chloride. Dried Argon gas was employed as a carrying agent. Titanium nano-particles were contained in an ethanol bath. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed for analysis and characterization of nano-particles. The size of primary particles was smaller than 100 nm and secondary particles were submicron agglomerations.

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DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236590

Country Iraq

Location Kufa

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Publisher AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics Inc.

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Country Iraq

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Publisher AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics Inc.

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Country Iraq

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Country Malaysia

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Publisher IOP Publishing Ltd

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Publisher IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

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Location Malaysia

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