Bachelor in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery

Bachelor degree of Vet. Med. and Surgery with five years study duration.

Master of Veterinary Science

Master of Veterinary Physiology with study duration of two years.

Philosophy Doctorate

A PhD in Theriogenology and Cytogenetics with duration of four years.

Alnoor University, College of Health & Medical Technologies [Senior lecturer]

• Teaching Molecular Biology.
• Teaching Medical Genetics.
• Teaching Research Methods.

Marj Sustainable Agriculture Farm, Rabia Sub-district, Nineveh — Mar 2020–Present [Manager]

• Lead operations in livestock and crop management with a focus on sustainability.
• Supervise reproductive cycles in livestock and poultry.
• Implement horticulture, pomology, and Olericulture cycles.
• Promote apiculture through beekeeping practices.

Lhassa Consulting FZE — Apr 2019–May 2019 [Independent consultant]

• Conducted field surveys and interviews across Hamdaniya, Erbil, and Mosul.

Kosmetik Utara Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia [Head of R&D]

• Directed development of personal care products.
• Improved product formulation based on customer needs and market research.
• Ensured GMP compliance and trained laboratory staff.

Universiti Putra Malaysia [Research assistant]

• Supported experimental design and data analysis for reproductive research.
• Teaching Theriogenology rotations.

University of Mosul College of Veterinary Medicine [Research assistant]

• Contributed to studies in animal physiology with a focus on Theriogenology.

Private Veterinary Clinic [Veterinarian]

• Provided clinical care, reproductive health management, and disease diagnosis in small and large animals.

Tall Kayf Government Veterinary Clinic [Veterinarian]

• Performed field vaccinations, health check-ups, and clinical procedures for local livestock.

Concurrent foot & mouth disease and coccidiosis in a 4-year-old Friesian cow: Case report

Journal Yemeni Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences

publisher © 2025 Thamar University. This open-access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

DOI 10.70022/yjavs.v6i1.2599

Issue 6

Volume 1

This case report describes outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and coccidiosis in cow presented to KM Animal Clinic and Surgery Veterinary Pharm Sdn. Bhd. Taman Perindustrain Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia during the year of 2023. The cow was Friesian with four years old and showed clinical signs such as vesicles (blisters) chiefly in the mouth and on the feet, anorexia, fever, shivering, grinding of the teeth, salivating. Physical and laboratory examinations of the cow showed that existing of coccidia oocyst (750 OPG), anorexia, empty abdominal cavity, rumen stops moving, dehydration, white to the yellowish mucous membrane (anaemia), irregular heartbeat, weak body (lost the weight very fast). The cow was treated with antibiotics, vitamins along appetizer and good house management. But the cow was died. Necropsy of the cow revealed severe pulmonary congestion with engorged capillaries within the alveoli, and the heart coalescing basophilic bacterial colonies within the blood vessels, kidney degeneration, and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium. In conclusion, based in clinical and laboratory findings, the suspected case was confirmed as FMD concurrent with coccidiosis, the findings of this report highlight the symptoms of FMD and coccidiosis in the cow. Vaccination of animal and good management could be effective control measures to prevent infections.

Read Publication

Immune responses of goats to corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its mycolic acids (mas) extract

Journal Journal of Animal Health and Production

publisher ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK.

DOI doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2023/11.3.242.249

Issue 3

Volume 11

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants and is of considerable economic importance in many countries worldwide. The control of the disease in animals depends on the control of the disease in infected animals. Nevertheless, few countries where the disease was previously endemic have successfully eradicated the pathogen. This investigation was undertaken to determine the antibody titre (IgM and IgG) in does challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis and its Mycolic acids (MAs) immunogen extract. About 12 healthy crossbred female Boer goats were assigned into three groups (A, B and C), each comprising of 4 goats. Group A (Negative control group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-pH 7); Group B (Mycolic acid group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of immunogenic Mycolic acid extract (1g /ml); while group C (Positive control group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of 109 colony-forming unit of live C. pseudotuberculosis. All the animals were observed for 90 days post-inoculation. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein from all the groups before the inoculation and once weekly after the challenge until the end of the research period. The result of the study showed that the Immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration in goats inoculated with C. pseudotuberculosis significantly (p<0.05) increased at week 2 (18.97±0.28 ng/ml), week 3 (33.97±0.59 ng/ml), week 4 (31.94±0.28 ng/ml) and week 5 (12.51±2.42). Whereas, in the mycolic acid group, the IgG antibody titre increased consistently from week 1 to week 3 (20.99±1.96 ng/ml; 15.52±3.78 ng/ml; 14.74±0.34 ng/ml) respectively. On the other hand, the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was found to significantly increase (p<0.05) after treatments and the increase persisted up till week 11 post-inoculation. The concentration of IgG steadily increased in C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs-treated groups, reaching the peak at week 9 (32.82±8.56 ng/ml) in C. pseudotuberculosis group and week 10 (28.41±1.27 ng/ml) in MAs group, then declined slowly from week 10 till week 12. In conclusion, there was an elevated level in the IgM and IgG antibodies post-infection with C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs. However, while the IgG antibody levels started declining at week 9 for C. pseudotuberculosis, the MAs group was sustained until week ten before reducing. Therefore, MAs can be used as an immunogen to control caseous lymphadenitis infection caused by C. pseudotuberculosis among small ruminants.

Read Publication

In Vivo Evaluation of the Novel Nanocomposite Porous 3D Scaffold in a Rabbit Model

Journal Indian Journal of Sciences and Technology

publisher Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

DOI DOI:10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i19/122540

Issue 19

Volume 11

Objectives: To evaluate, In Vivo, the developed porous nanocomposite scaffold from cockle shell nanopowder for segmental bone defect (SBD) repair. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Complete critical bone defect (2cm) made on the shaft of radial bone of adult male New Zealand White rabbit. Then implanted with scaffold and assessed for 8 weeks by means of radiography, grossly and biochemistry. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups: Group A (control), Group B (implanted by scaffold 5211), Group C (implanted by 5211GTA+Alginate) and Group D (implanted by 5211PLA). Findings: Radiographic examination showed new trabecular bone formation that signifies the bone healing/regeneration. This occurred in the defects edge as well as in the middle within one month which involved osteogenesis that moved within the central region and margins of the scaffold implant. This was attained with negligible tissue responses to a foreign body which was seen through biochemistry analyses (ALP and Ca+2). Grossly, after 8 weeks post-implantation the quantity of mature bone increased forming whole bone. The new bone tissue that was produced was successively matured within time as anticipated with increased mature cortical bone development and regeneration. Application/Improvements: This work signifies key development in the healing of artificial bone grafts and suggests that the biomaterial of the grafted scaffold possess significant potential when regeneration of bone is necessary. Keywords: In Vivo, Nanocomposite, Porous, Rabbit, Scaffold

Read Publication

Responses of female reproductive hormones and histopathology in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of Boer does challenged with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogenic corynomycolic acid extract

Journal Microbial Pathogenesis

publisher Sciencedirect

DOI doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103852

Volume 139

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis is a bacterium that causes caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease of sheep and goats characterized by the formation of suppurative abscesses in superficial and visceral lymph nodes and internal organs of small ruminants. This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone) and histopathology in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of does challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis and its immunogen; corynomycolic acid. A total of 12 healthy non-pregnant female goats were grouped into three: A, B and C consisting of four does each. Group A was intradermally inoculated with 2 mL of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7 (negative control group); group B was intradermally inoculated with 2 mL of corynomycolic acid extract (CMAs), while group C was intradermally inoculated with 2 mL of 10⁹ colony-forming unit (cfu) of live C. pseudotuberculosis. Blood samples were also collected at predetermined intervals for estrogen and progesterone hormonal assays. The does were euthanized 90 days post challenge and tissue samples of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and associated lymph nodes were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological processing. The result showed various degrees of histopathological changes (hemorrhage, congestion, degeneration, necrosis, edema, leucocytic infiltrations) in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of both inoculation groups. Increases in estrogen hormone concentration were observed in both inoculation groups in comparison to the control group. However, progesterone concentration was only increased in group C. This study highlighted that corynomycolic acid extract from C. pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis resulted in significant histopathology in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of does and increase estrogen concentration.

Read Publication

Clinico-pathological responses and PCR detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogenic mycolic acid extract in the vital organs of goats

Journal Microbial Pathogenesis

publisher Sciencedirect

DOI doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103628

Volume 135

Caseous lymphadenitis is an infectious disease of almost all animals, particularly small ruminants that are caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The organism causes the formation of suppurative abscesses in superficial and visceral lymph nodes and in visceral organs. This current study was designed to elucidate the clinicopathological responses and PCR detection of the aetiological agent in the vital organs of goats challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis and its immunogenic mycolic acid extract. A total of twelve clinically healthy crossbred Boer female goats were divided into three groups: A, B, and C (four goats per group). Group A was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7 as a control group. Group B was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of mycolic acid extract (1 g/ml), while group C was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of 10⁹ colony-forming unit (cfu) of live C. pseudotuberculosis. The experimental animals were observed for clinical responses for 90 days post-inoculation and the clinical signs were scored according to the severity. The clinical signs observed in this study were temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, rumen motility, enlargement of lymph nodes, and body condition score. The experimental animals were euthanised and tissue samples from different anatomical regions of the vital organs were collected in 10% buffered formalin, processed, sectioned, and stained with H&E. Results of both C. pseudotuberculosis and mycolic acid treated groups indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) in body temperature. Group C showed a significant increase in temperature (p < 0.05) at week 1 (39.59 ± 0.29 °C), week 2 (39.67 ± 0.27 °C) and week 3 (40.22 ± 0.15 °C). Whereas group B showed a significant increase in temperature (p < 0.05) only at week 1 (39.36 ± 0.14 °C). Heart rate in group C showed a significant increase between week 1 (93.35 ± 0.42 bpm) and week 11 (86.52 ± 1.32 bpm), and the mean heart rate of group B showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) between week 1 (89.90 ± 0.60 bpm) and week 9 (86.90 ± 0.99 bpm). Group C showed a significant increase of respiratory rate (p < 0.05) at week 1 (36.85 ± 0.14 bpm), week 2 (36.90 ± 0.62), week 3 (30.80 ± 1.97 bpm), and week 4 (34.85 ± 1.19 bpm). The mean of the respiratory rate of group B only increased at week 1 (32.98 ± 1.30 bpm) and week 2 (31.87 ± 0.48 bpm). Both groups C & B showed significant decreases in rumen motility and body condition score as compared to the control. The histopathological changes were significant in group C, this was shown by mild to severe haemorrhage, congestion, degeneration and necrosis, oedema, infiltration with inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes and macrophages, while group B was less affected and showed mild to moderate haemorrhage, congestion, degeneration and necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and oedema as compared to the control group. This study concluded that C. pseudotuberculosis caused typical CLA disease with a short incubation period in the experiment. While the mycolic acid extracted from C. pseudotuberculosis caused mild clinical signs, no abscess formation, and negative PCR result. Moreover, evidence of mild to moderate histopathological changes in vital organs was also observed.

Read Publication

Characterization and In Vitro evaluation of a novel coated nanocomposite porous 3D scaffold for bone repair

Journal Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

publisher CC BY-ND

DOI DOI:10.33899/ijvs.2019.125548.1068

Issue 1

Volume 33

The aim of this study is to tissue engineer a 3D scaffold that can be used for load bearing segmental bone defects (SBDs) repair. Three different scaffolds were fabricated using cockle shell-derived CaCO3 aragonite nanoparticles (CCAN), gelatin, dextran and dextrin with coated framework via Freeze-Drying Method (FDM) labeled as 5211, 5211GTA+Alginate, 5211PLA. Scaffolds were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The cytocompatibility of the organized scaffolds was assessed using cells multiplication and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration via In Vitro cell culture using human Fetal OsteoBlast cells line (hFOB). The results showed a substantial difference in ALP concentrations between the cultures of different scaffolds leachable medium during the study period. The biological evaluation also showed that three scaffolds did enhanced the osteoblast proliferation rate and improved the osteoblast function as demonstrated by the significant increase in ALP concentration. Engineering analyses showed that scaffolds possessed 3D interconnected homogenous porous structure with a porosity ranging 6%-49%, pore sizes ranging 8-345 µm, mechanical strength ranging 20-65 MPa, young’s modulus ranging 166- 296 MPa and enzymatic degradation rate between 16%-38% within 2-10 weeks. The in vitro evaluation revealed that the scaffold 5211, 5211GTA+Alginate and 5211PLA fulfill all the main requirements to be considered as an ideal bone replacement.

Read Publication

In Vivo Evaluation of The Novel Nanocomposite Porous 3D Scaffold in a Rabbit Model: Hematology and Biochemistry Analysis

Journal Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

publisher Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

DOI DOI:10.33899/ijvs.2019.153853

Issue 2

Volume 32

Issues of safety are very crucial with biomaterials and medical devices. Sixteen male New Zealand White rabbits equally into four groups: Group A, rabbits had part of their radial bone (2 cm, mid shaft) and left empty as a control. Group B, rabbits were implanted with scaffold 5211. Group C, rabbits were implanted with scaffold 5211GTA+Alginate. Group D, rabbits were implanted with 5211PLA. All scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 8 th week after implantation. The blood examination included complete hemogram and certain serum biochemical parameters. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among each treatment group in comparison with control group (day 0). However, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, monocyte, plasma protein, inorganic phosphate, sodium, chloride and urea were significantly increased (P<0.05) among treatment groups at week 8. An abnormal architecture of viscera was observed in all animals, thus indicating a form of toxicity related to the degrading scaffold materials. The severity of histopathological lesions in viscera was not coated polymers dependent nor development materials. In conclusion, implantation of 5211 scaffold with or without coated framework has a significant impact on histopathological and certain hematological and biochemical parameters. ‬

Read Publication

Responses of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in goats inoculated intradermally with C. pseudotuberculosis and mycolic acid extract immunogen

Journal Microbial Pathogenesis

publisher Sciencedirect

DOI doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.038

Volume 117

Haptoglobin (Hp) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) are a group of blood proteins whose concentrations in animals can be influenced by infection, inflammation, surgical trauma or stress. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), and Mycolic acid is a virulent factor extracted from C. pseudotuberculosis. There is a dearth of sufficient evidence on the clinical implication of MAs on the responses of Hp and SAA in goats. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of Mycolic acid (MAs) and C. pseudotuberculosis on the responses of Hp and SAA in female goats. A total of 12 healthy female goats was divided into three groups; A, B and C each comprising of 4 goats and managed for a period of three months. Group (A) was inoculated with 2 mL of sterile phosphate buffered saline (as a negative control group) intradermally, while group (B) and (C) were inoculated intradermally with 2 ml each of mycolic acid and 1‏ × 109 cfu of active C. pseudotuberculosis respectively. The result of the study showed that the Hp concentration in goats inoculated with C. pseudotuberculosis was significantly increased up to 7-fold (1.17 ± 0.17 ng/L) while MAs showed a 3-fold increased (0.83 ± 0.01 ng/L) compared with the control. Whereas SAA concentration in C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs groups showed a significant 3-fold (17.85 ± 0.91 pg/mL) and 2-fold (10.97 ± 0.71 pg/mL) increased compared with the control. This study concludes that inoculation of C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs have significant effects on Hp and SAA levels, which indicates that MAs could have a role in the pathogenesis of caseous lymphadenitis.

Read Publication

Impact of Eurycoma longifolia extract on DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation, and functional parameters in chilled and cryopreserved bull sperm

Journal Cryobiology

publisher Sciencedirect

DOI doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.12.006

Volume 80

This study aims to assess the effect of Eurycoma longifolia aqueous extract on chilled and cryopreserved quality of bull sperm. Semen samples were obtained from four Simmental–Brangus. Each sample was divided into two fractions: the first fraction was used for chilling the semen, and the second fraction was used for the freezing process. Both fractions were extended with Tris–egg yolk extender supplemented with 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/ml Eurycoma longifolia aqueous extract. The diluted chilled fraction was chilled at 5 °C for 6 days, whereas the frozen–thawed fraction was frozen in liquid nitrogen. Data revealed that 1 mg/ml E. longifolia aqueous extract yielded significantly (p < .05) higher sperm motility, morphology, viability, and sperm membrane integrity compared with the control group and other treated groups in chilled semen evaluation. For cryopreserved sperm, a significant difference (p < .05) in sperm motility, viability, sperm membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and lipid peroxidation was observed between 5 mg/ml E. longifolia aqueous extract and other treated and control groups. However, no significant difference in the percentage of sperm exhibiting normal sperm morphology was observed among the groups. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25 and 1 mg/ml E. langifolia extract to chilled semen and 5 mg/ml E. longifolia aqueous extract to cryopreserved sperm into Tris–egg yolk extender helps in maintaining superior quality of bull spermatozoa during chilling and freezing.

Read Publication

In vivo evaluation of a novel nanocomposite porous 3D scaffold in a rabbit model: histological analysis

Journal International Journal of Nanomedicine

publisher Dovepress Taylor and Francis Group

DOI doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S145663

Volume 12

The healing of load-bearing segmental defects in long bones is a challenge due to the complex nature of the weight that affects the bone part and due to bending, shearing, axial, and torsional forces. An innovative porous 3D scaffolds implant of CaCO3 aragonite nanocomposite derived from cockle shell was advanced for substitute bone solely for load-bearing cases. The biomechanical characteristics of such materials were designed to withstand cortical bone strength. In promoting bone growth to the implant material, an ideal surface permeability was formed by means of freeze drying and by adding copolymers to the materials. The properties of coating and copolymers supplement were also assessed for bone-implant connection resolutions. To examine the properties of the material in advanced biological system, an experimental trial in an animal model was carried out. Critical sized defect of bone was created in rabbit’s radial bone to assess the material for a load-bearing application with a short and extended period assessment with histological evaluation of the incorporated implanted material to the bone of the host. Trials in animal models proved that the material has the capability of enduring load-bearing conditions for long-term use devoid of breaking or generating stress that affects the host bone. Histological examination further confirmed the improved integration of the implanted materials to the host bone with profound bone development into and also above the implanted scaffold, which was attained with negligible reaction of the tissues to a foreign implanted material.

Read Publication

Hemogram responses in goats toward challenged with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogen mycolic acids

Journal Veterinary World

publisher Veterinary World

DOI doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.655-661

Volume 10

Aim: This study was conducted to analyze the changes in blood profile of goats inoculated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogen mycolic acid (MA) extract. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 clinically healthy crossbred Boer female goats were divided into three groups; A, B and C (4 goats each per group). Group A was inoculated with 2 ml sterile phosphate buffered saline via intradermal route as the negative control group whilst Group B was inoculated with 2 ml of MA extract (1 g/ml) intradermally and Group C was then inoculated with 2 ml (1x109) colony forming unit of active C. pseudotuberculosis intradermally. Blood sample was collected aseptically from the jugular vein periodically for complete blood count (CBC) analysis throughout the experimental period (3 months). Results: A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb concentration in Groups B and C as compared to the control while WBCs, neutrophil, lymphocyte and basophil showed a significant increase (p<0.05) as compared to the control. Conclusion: The inoculation of C. pseudotuberculosis and MA resulted in a significant change in the CBC, thereby, indicating that MA has a role in caseous lymphadenitis pathogenesis.

Read Publication

Kinetic Motilities of Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa: Owing to the Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Aqueous Extract

Journal American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

publisher SciencePublication

DOI doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2017.77.84

Issue 2

Volume 12

This study was carried out to improve the kinetic motilities of frozen-thawed bull semen diluted with tris-based egg yolk diluent that was supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia jack aqueous extract. A total of 24 ejaculates were obtained from six cross-bred bulls using an electro-ejaculator. The extract of Eurycoma longifolia jack was distributed into three low doses and three high doses; cryopreserved samples were evaluated into three different times to confirm the results of kinetic motilities through different times and between groups. Path velocity (VAP μm/s), progress velocity (VSL μm/s), track speed (VCL μm/s), lateral amplitude (ALH μm/s), Beat Frequency (BCF Hz), straightness (STR %), linearity (LIN %), were evaluated three different times using Computer-assisted sperm analysis. Results revealed that the percentage of VAP, ASL and VCL were higher (p<0.05) in the frozen-thawed semen group supplemented with 5 mg mL-1 Eurycoma longifolia jack extract (73.19±1.91, 58.34±2.06 and 117.91±2.68 in first evaluation, then 74.22±2.06, 57.45±1.72 and 118.92±2.55 in second evaluation and 72.95±2.27, 56.75±1.30 and 119.07±3.54 in third evaluation; respectively). In conclusion, Eurycoma longifolia Jack aqueous extract supplementation to the semen diluent at 5 mg mL-1 significantly improved sperm kinetic motilities of frozen-thawed bull semen.

Read Publication

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine (IL-1 and IL-6) Response in Goats Challenged with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its Immunogen Mycolic Acids

Journal American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

publisher SciencePublication

DOI doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2017.26.31

Issue 1

Volume 12

The causative agent of Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. A chronic disease of sheep and goats which is mainly characterized by suppurative abscesses in both superficial and visceral lymph nodes. There is paucity of information on the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) responses due to C. pseudotuberculosis and Mycolic Acid (MAs) inoculation in goats. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs. Twelve clinically healthy crossbred Boer female goats were divided into 3 groups; A, B and C with 4 goats per group. The A group was injected with 2 mL sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) intradermally as negative control group while B group was inoculated with 2 mL of MAs extract intradermally. Group C was inoculated with 2 mL 1×109 colony forming unit (cfu) of live C. pseudotuberculosis intradermally. Blood was collected from the jugular vein periodically for IL-1β and IL-6 analysis throughout the experimental period. The results showed significant increase (p<0.05) in IL-1β concentration in weeks two, three, four, five, six, eight, nine and ten in C. pseudotuberculosis inoculated group, whilst in MAs inoculated group, IL-1β concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in weeks three, five, six, eight, nine and ten compared to the control. However, IL-1β showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in week twelve in both treated groups. The concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased (p<0.05) in weeks five, six, seven and eight in C. pseudotuberculosis inoculated group compared to the control, whilst MAs inoculated group indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in weeks two, three, four, five, six and eight compared to the control. Therefore, this study concluded that MAs extracted from C. pseudotuberculosis has immunogenic properties represented by all the significant changes in concentration of IL-1 β and IL-6.

Read Publication

Relationship between the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, phospholipase D inoculation and the fertility characteristics of crossbred Boer bucks

Journal Livestock Science

publisher Sciencedirect

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.06.015

Volume 191

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and phospholipase D (PLD) on buck's fertility, specifically, testosterone concentration, scrotal circumference and semen quality. Crossbred Boer goats (n=13) aged 12–14 months were divided into three groups. The first group (n=3) was inoculated with one ml sterile phosphate buffer saline subcutaneously into subaxillary area as the control. The second group (n=5) was inoculated with live C. pseudotuberculosis 1×109 cfu subcutaneously into subaxillary area. The third group (n=5) was inoculated with PLD 1 ml/20 kg BW intravenously into jugular vein. Blood collection was done twice a week over a period of three months for testosterone analyses. Semen was collected using electro-ejaculator once every two weeks whilst scrotal circumference was measured once every three weeks. Semen volume, semen pH and sperm progressive motility, concentration, live/dead percentage and morphology were evaluated. Bucks were euthanized three months' post inoculation and histopathological examination of the testicles and epididymis was performed. The results showed seven folds' significant decrease (P<0.05) in testosterone concentration in both C. pseudotuberculosis and PLD inoculated groups compared to the control. Semen volume, percentage of dead/live and abnormal sperm morphology showed significant increase (P<0.05) in both inoculated groups compared to the control. The following sperm defects were observed; tapered sperm, decapitated and knobbed head, thickened midpiece, distal and proximal droplet, sterilizing tail and folded tail. Scrotal circumference, semen pH, semen wave pattern, sperm motility and concentration showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in both inoculated groups compared to the control. The testicles showed varied degrees of degeneration and necrosis with shrunken seminferous tubules. In conclusion, testosterone concentration, scrotal circumference and semen quality were negatively affected in both inoculated groups. Moreover, percentages of live/dead and abnormal sperm morphology were also increased. The results suggest that both C. pseudotuberculosis and PLD had detrimental effects on buck's fertility.

Read Publication

Influence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection on level of acute phase proteins in goats. BMC veterinary research

Journal BMC veterinary research

publisher Springer Nature Link

Volume 12

Background Goat caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. However, there is paucity of data about goat’s acute phase response during the course of CLA. This study was conducted to investigate the response of acute phase proteins, mainly haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and the negative acute phase response, especially albumin after an experimental challenge of C. pseudotuberculosis and phospholipase D (PLD) in Cross bred Boer goats. Results Serum Hp concentration in goats challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis (inoculated with 1x109 cfu subcutaneously) showed a significant increase, 5 fold in males (0.98 ± 0.12 mg/ml) and 3 fold in females (0.66 ± 0.12 mg/ml) compared to the control (0.2 ± 0.02 mg/ml). Challenge with PLD (1 ml/20 kg body weight intravenously) also showed significant increase, 4 fold in males and females (0.89 ± 0.11 mg/ml; 0.82 ± 0.12 mg/ml) respectively compared to the control (0.2 ± 0.02 mg/ml). Albumin concentration showed a significant decrease in both treated groups compared to the control. There were no significant changes in SAA concentration between challenged and control goats. Conclusions There was a significant response by Hp to C. pseudotuberculosis infection and PLD challenge. This was supported by the early acute response in which Hp was detected before CLA lesions were developed. Therefore, it concluded that C. pseudotuberculosis and PLD can influence the level of acute phase proteins in goats.

Read Publication

Assessment of blood changes post-challenge with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its exotoxin (phospholipase D): A comprehensive study in goat

Journal Veterinary World

publisher PubMed Central

DOI 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1105-1117

Issue 9

Volume 8

Aim: There is very little information regarding blood changes during the challenge of phospholipase D (PLD) in goats. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study the changes in blood after the challenge with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its exotoxin, PLD to fill in the gap of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) research. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six crossbred Boer goats aged 12-14 months were divided into 3 groups; the first group n=6 was inoculated with 1 ml phosphate buffered solution s.c. as the control. The second group n=10 was inoculated with C. pseudotuberculosis 1 × 109 cfu s.c. The third group n=10 was intravenous injected with PLD 1 ml/20 kg body weight. Serial blood collections were done at 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 8 h, and 12 h then every 24 h post-inoculation for the first 30 days of the experiment. Subsequently, the blood collection continued twice a week till the end of the experiment (90 days post-challenge). Results: Both C. pseudotuberculosis and PLD treated groups showed significant changes (p<0.05) in red blood cell count, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb concentration, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, globulin, and total plasma proteins. Similarly, both treated groups showed significant changes (p<0.05) in alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, calcium concentration, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, urea concentration, lactate dehydrogenase, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Conclusion: It concluded that C. pseudotuberculosis and PLD have a negative impact on the goat’s health in general reflected by all those changes recorded in the hemogram, leukogram, and the blood chemistry.

Read Publication

Clinio-Pathological Changes in Goats Challenged with Corynebacterium Peudotuberculosis and its Exotoxin (PLD). American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

Journal American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

publisher SciencePublication

DOI https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2015.112.132

Issue 3

Volume 10

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. However, there is a paucity of data about the C. pseudotuberculosis exotoxin, phospholipase D (PLD) response during the course of CLA. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the clinical signs and the cellular changes after an experimental infection of the C. pseudotuberculosis and phospholipase D challenge. Twenty six crossbred Boer goats aged 12-14 months were divided into 3 groups; the first group n=6 was inoculated with 1ml sterile PBS s.c. as the control. The second group n=10 was inoculated with live C. pseudotuberculosis 1×109 cfu s.c. The third group n=10 was i.v. inoculated with PLD 1mL/20 kg, BW. Both the C. pseudotuberculosis and the PLD treated groups showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and body score. Pathologically, the C. pseudotuberculosis and the PLD treated groups showed a significant cellular changes (p<0.05) manifested as edema, congestion, infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes and macrophages, hemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis in the visceral organs including the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes. C. pseudotuberculosis infected group showed abscessation of the lymph nodes and some of the visceral organs. In contrast, PLD inoculation did not lead to any abscess formation in the lymph nodes neither in the visceral organs. It concluded that the C. pseudotuberculosis caused typical CLA disease with short incubation period of two weeks. The PLD inoculation showed little clinical signs and it did not lead to abscesses formation externally neither internally, however, it caused obvious cellular changes in the visceral organs as well as in the lymph nodes. PLD play a key role in CLA development, yet it is impossible to trigger granulomatous lesion without the C. pseudotuberculosis being present.

Read Publication

Effect of turmeric oil on reproductive efficiency of adult male rats exposed to potassium dichromate

Journal IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology

publisher www.Iosrjournals.Org

DOI doi=0b86e1fc4850c063034252b2c811524109c37baa

Issue 4

Volume 3

Abstract: This study conducted to investigate the effects of Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and Turmeric Oil (TO) on reproductive efficiency of adult male rats. Twenty four male rats aged 100 days divided randomly into 4 groups. G1 received 1 ml of dimethyle sulfoxide (DMSO) 5% orally as control, G2 received K2Cr2O7 (24 mg/kg orally), G3 received TO dissolve in DMSO 5% (8.5 mg/kg orally) and G4 received both K2Cr2O7 + TO (24 mg/kg + 8.5 mg/kg orally ½ h in between). K2Cr2O7 treatment revealed significant decrease in body weight, total sperm count, percentage of live sperm, serum Glutathione (GSH), thickness of seminiferous epithelia and number of stage VII cells (spermatogonium, spermatocytes, spermatids) accompanied with significant increase in epididymal, seminal vesicle weight and percentage of dead and abnormal sperms and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA). TO treatment show significant increase in body, testes, epididymal, prostate weight, total sperm count, percentage of live sperms, serum GSH and Testosterone concentration, diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules and cells number in stage VII with significant decrease in percentage of abnormal and dead sperms, serum MDA, while treatment with both K2Cr2O7 and TO show improvement in the parameters under study. In conclusion, K2Cr2O7 has dangerous effects on reproductive efficiency which have been improved by TO.

Read Publication

Dystocia in Timorensis Deer: a case report

Journal IO

publisher www.Iosrjournals.Org

DOI DOI:10.9790/2402-0744042

Issue 7

Volume 4

In this case, a female Timorensis deer (Cervus timorensis) belong to Taman Pertanian Universiti (TPU), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), was in labour for 5 hours. The limbs of the fawn were found hanging from the vulva at the general inspection. Request for veterinary assistance was initiated and the deer was isolated in dark room. Restraining was conducted physically without any tranquilizers or anaesthesia. On physical examination, foetus was found a live with posterior presentation and both hind limbs fully extended inside the birth canal. Manual traction was successfully performed to deliver the foetus. Following delivery the mother given proper care and the fawn was cleaned. The fawn was subsequently introduced to the mother and monitored to ensure suckling before being released to the farm

Read Publication

Effect of turmeric oil in reproductive efficiency of immature female rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate

Journal IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences

publisher www.Iosrjournals.Org

Issue 3

Volume 4

This study carried out to understand the effects of Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and Turmeric Oil (TO) on reproductive efficiency. Twenty four weanling immature female albino rats aged 22 day divided randomly into 4 groups (6 rats in each group). 1st group received 0.1 ml dimethyle sulfoxide (DMSO) 5% solution as a control (I/P for 14 day), 2nd group received K2Cr2O7 dissolved in distilled water (0.4 mg/kg, I/P, for 14 day), 3rd group received TO dissolved in 5% DMSO solution (20 mg/kg, I/P, for 14 day), 4th group received both K2Cr2O7 +TO (0.4 mg/kg, I/P +20 mg/kg, I/P, ½ h in between, for 14 day). Rats treated with K2Cr2O7 show significant increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and significant decreases in uterine and ovarian weights, serum Glutathione (GSH) level, percentage of vaginal opening time and diameter of ovarian follicles in categories (101-200), (201-300) and (>400), while those treated with TO show significant increase in uterine and ovarian weights, percentage of vaginal opening time, serum GSH, and diameter of ovarian follicles in categories (1-100) and (>400), with significant decrease in MDA level, moreover treatment with K2Cr2O7 and TO together show significant increase in uterine and ovarian weights, percentage of vaginal time opening, serum GHS level and diameter of ovarian follicles in categories (201-300) and (>400), with significant decrease in MDA level. In conclusion, K2Cr2O7 has bad effects on reproductive efficiency of female rats and TO have improvement on some of these effects.

Read Publication

Sex hormone profiles and cellular changes of reproductive organs of mice experimentally infected with C. pseudotuberculosis and its exotoxin phospholipase D (PLD)

Journal IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology

publisher www.Iosrjournals.Org

Issue 3

Volume 1

Caseous lymphadenitis has been globally a prevalent disease among farmed small ruminants for over a century. As its chronic disease, sex hormone profiles and cellular changes of reproductive organs in infections associated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis and its exotoxin phospholipase D have been very few or absent. This study was conducted to acquire a better way of understanding the reproductive pathophysiology response of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis and its exotoxin in mouse model. In this study, 64 healthy mice, 2-3 weeks of old, were divided equally into 3 groups, where the first group of mice were interperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 ml of sterile phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 7, the second group of mice were interperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 ml of 109 colony forming unit (CFU) of live C. pseudotuberculosis and the third group of mice were interperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 ml of single dose of exotoxin (PLD) extracted from C. pseudotuberculosis. Following infection, clinical signs were observed and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for sex hormone analysis. For microscopic examinations, the mice were euthanized using cervical dislocation approach and the reproductive organs were collected. The results revealed that there was no significant differences (p<0.05) in the concentration of estrogen and progesterone levels between whole cell and exotoxin groups. Concentration of progesterone in PLD treated group (15.37 ± 2.32 pg/ml) was lower than control group (17.61 ± 2.91pg/ml). The concentration of testosterone in C. pseudotuberculosis (2.98 ± 3.70 pg/ml) was significantly (p<0.05) different from both control group (16.58 ± 3.67 pg/ml) and PLD (11.84 ± 3.19 pg/ml). Microscopically, cellular changes were observed in organs included ovaries, uterus, testicles and epididymis. In C. pseudotuberculosis infected group, infiltration of polymorph nuclear leukocytes with congestion, degeneration and necrosis were documented in almost all investigated parameters. For exotoxin PLD infected group, the observed cellular changes included severe hemorrhage, thrombus formation, degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that there were significant differences in sex hormones and cellular changes of reproductive organs associated with infection Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis and its exotoxin phospholipase D (PLD).

Read Publication

Effect of turmeric oil in reproductive efficiency of immature male rats exposed experimentally to oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate

Journal Continental Journal of Veterinary Science

publisher SEMANTIC SCHOLAR

Issue 5

Volume 2

This study was conducted to evaluate the pre-puberty effects (period I) and post-puberty damage (period II) of K2Cr2O7 and TO on reproductive efficiency of immature male rats. 48 male Albino rats aged 25 day, randomly divided into 4 groups, 12 rats in each. 1stG, received 0.1 ml of DMSO 5% solution I/P, 2ndG, received K2Cr2O7 (0.4 mg/kg I/P) dissolved in distilled water, 3rdG received TO dissolve in DMSO 5% (20 mg/kg I/P), 4thG received both K2Cr2O7 + TO (0.4 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg I/P, ½ h in between). At the end of the experiment, half number (6) of the animals were sacrificed which represent period I (period of treatment, 14 days), the other remaining (6) animals kept on standard food without treatment to the age of 100 day which considered period II (period of recovery). Treatment with K2Cr2O7 (period I) show significant decrease in serum GSH and thickness of seminiferous tubules epithelium with significant increase in serum MDA, while TO treatment revealed significant increase in serum GSH and thickness of seminiferous tubules epithelium with significant decrease in serum MDA furthermore, treatment with K2Cr2O7 and TO together show significant increase in seminiferous tubules epithelium thickness and serum GSH, with significant decrease in serum MDA. In period II rats exhibited significant improvement in the parameters under the study. In conclusion, K2Cr2O7 have harm effects on reproductive efficiency of immature male rats while TO have improvement effects.

Read Publication