Publications
Secondary Polycythemia in Hookah (Narghile) Smokers in Nineveh Province
Feb 10, 2026Journal Eurasian Journal of Oncology
Publisher Professional Editions
Issue Vol.14No.1(2026)
Volume 14
Introduction. Polycythemia is an increase in the hemoglobin concentration (Hb) above the upper limit of normal for the patient’s age and sex. Purpose. This study was conducted to raise and promote awareness about the association between the severity of polycythemia and its related clinical and health outcomes. Materials and methods. The study was a randomized cross-sectional study. Total of 100 males over 18 years old who hookah smokers who regularly frequented cafés were included in this study. Data were collected regarding the number of hookah heads smoked per day and the duration of smoking in years. Additionally, a blood sample was obtained from each participant to measure hemoglobin levels Results. Total number of smokers in this study is 100 with mean of age is 25 years old, and range (18–58 years) and about 33% of them is within age group 23–27. Mean of Hb is 16 mg/l with 35% of them Hb between 16–16.9 mg/l. Duration of hookah (narghile) smoker range from 1–10 years and about 83% of them is smoking for 1–3 years. There is significant correlation between level of Hb and number of head of hookah (narghile) that smoked per day as level of Hb increase with increase of number of head of hookah (narghile) that smoked per days. There is significant correlation between level of Hb and duration of smoking by years as level of Hb increase with increase of duration of smoking by years. Conclusion. The hookah (narghile) smoking is a possible risk factor for secondary polycythemia. This is a serious problem as hookah (narghile) smoking is gaining more popularity among society. This trend poses significant health risks, highlights the strong need for targeted awareness campaigns.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Pathological mechanisms, risk factors, and modern therapeutic challenges
Jan 25, 2026Journal Center of Medicine
Publisher center vof science
DOI https://doi.org/10.69667/rmj.25207
Issue Vol.2No.1(2026)
Volume 2
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of fat within liver cells, which can negatively impact liver function. This disease is often silent in its early stages, with no apparent symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms of fatty liver disease may begin to appear, posing an increasing health challenge due to its close association with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This research aims to review current understandings of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, analyze the risk factors contributing to its development, and discuss current treatment challenges and future research directions. The study employs a theoretical and analytical research methodology, reviewing recent medical literature and highlighting research gaps in this area.
Cytogenetic Study of Autism: A Systematic Review
Aug 17, 2025Journal Razi Medical Journal
Publisher Alrazi University, Libya
DOI https://doi.org/10.69667/rmj.25207
Issue 3
Volume 1
Study of autism via a methodical search strategy predominantly through the Scopus database. The search employed terms including "autism," "autism spectrum disorder," "ASD," alongside "cytogenetics," "chromosome," "chromosomal abnormality," "copy number variation," "CNV," and "aneuploidy." The inquiry was confined to English, peer-reviewed publications without temporal limitations. The inclusion criteria emphasized original research, reviews, and case reports that elucidate cytogenetic or chromosomal investigations in persons with autism, encompassing classic karyotyping, aCGH, and SNP arrays, accompanied by explicit descriptions of findings and diagnoses. The exclusion criteria eliminated research focused on single-gene mutations lacking a cytogenetic component, non-English publications, editorials, and studies in which chromosomal mosaicism was a secondary observation. The findings indicated a vigorous scientific production in autism research, with annual publications continuously over 300 from 2021 to 2023; however, a decrease was observed in 2024 and 2025. The United States prominently led in publications, with over 600 documents, followed by Italy, the United Kingdom, China, and Canada. Prominent authors such as J.D. Buxbaum and A. Kolezvon significantly influenced research productivity. The review methodologically emphasized the growing integration of advanced genetic testing, such as Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA), Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), in conjunction with behavioral evaluations. Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) has become the recommended initial genetic assessment, detecting harmful copy number variations (CNVs) in 10-20% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases, with elevated rates among individuals with intellectual disabilities. WES functioned as an ancillary instrument, providing diagnoses in 15-30% of ASD cohorts by identifying de novo pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs). Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), albeit costly, provided the most thorough genomic perspective, detecting complex structural variants and copy number variations (CNVs) overlooked by alternative methods.
Molecular Cytogenetic Study of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Diagnosed in Erbil City Using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) Technique
May 30, 2025Journal Razi Medical Journal
Publisher Alrazi University, Libya
DOI https://doi.org/10.69667/rmj.25207
Issue 2
Volume 1
Abnormalities in chromosomes were assessed using cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analyses utilizing the FISH technique on blood samples from patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The study included the selection of 50 patients (32 males and 18 females) for both the early diagnosis phase (before therapy) and the treatment phase, examining various factors such as sex, age, and occupation. The results revealed that most patients in the over-70 age demographic are male. The majority lacked a familial history of this condition. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia exhibited a higher prevalence of the chromosomal defect deletion (13) (q14) at 43.8%, followed by deletion (11) (q23) at 18.8%. A trisomy 12 alteration was observed at 12.5%, along with a loss on chromosome 17, also present at 12.5%. Tetraploidy occurred seldom (6.2%), notwithstanding the existence of chromosomal defects, specifically deletions (6) at q25-q27. The current study indicates that structural chromosomal modifications were more prevalent than numerical changes regarding chromosomal aberrations, with both types associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.