PhD

Sep 1, 2015 - Jun 30, 2019

Msc

Sep 3, 2012 - Apr 30, 2015

Bsc

Sep 1, 2007 - Jun 30, 2012

College of Engineering Technology, Department of Engineering Technology of Chemical and Petroleum Industries [Lecturer]

Nov 11, 2024 - Present

Northern Technical University- Mosul, Iraq

Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology [Senior Lecturer]

Aug 1, 2022 - Jul 31, 2024

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia

Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering [Post Doctorate Researcher]

Nov 6, 2019 - Nov 5, 2022

National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia

Revolutionising waste-to-energy through the advanced and pragmatic operation of microbial electrochemical technologies

Feb 28, 2025

Journal International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.467

Volume 104

Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) holds promise for converting waste into electrical power and hydrogen generation. Transitioning from lab to real-world applications faces challenges, but successful large-scale demonstrations and industrial use demonstrate readiness. Startups invest in pilot-scale research for industrial METs. To enhance MET energy production, specifically microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for powering appliances, research should focus on efficient power management systems (PMS). Developing a renewable energy source for remote monitoring applications is a challenge. METs and PMS can power low- and constant-power applications like environmental monitoring in IoT systems. Aligning with sustainable development goals, operating energy-consuming microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) and microbial electrosynthesis cells (MESCs) for biofuel production using net-zero energy harvesting technologies is crucial. This review critically assesses METs in waste-to-energy, industrialisation, practical circuitry, PMS, integration of METs into wireless monitoring, and carbon-neutral operation. It presents an updated life cycle analysis (LCA) of integrated METs and proposes advanced, pragmatic MET operations.

Microalgae biomass: A multi-product biorefinery solution for sustainable energy, environmental remediation, and industrial symbiosis

Jan 1, 2025

Journal Algal Research

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2024.103839

Volume 85

The rapid expansion of industrialization and the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel have urged the search for alternative and sustainable renewable resources to fulfil the escalating energy demand while reducing water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae have emerged as a promising and sustainable solution, capable of not only treating wastewater but also yielding valuable products. This study aimed to explore the primary applications of microalgae, including wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration, while assessing the viability of utilizing the resultant microalgae biomass (MB) across diverse sectors such as liquid and gaseous biofuels, bioplastics, animal and aquatic feed, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, biofertilizers, and cosmetics production. Additionally, the study discusses the importance of assessing the environmental impacts of these applications through life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and elaborate the concept of a multi-products biorefinery system. To address the contemporary challenges of the bio-economy in simultaneously producing multiple high-value products, the biorefinery complexity index (BCI) was estimated to be 37, highlighting the need for further research to establish the practicability of a multi-products biorefinery system.

A circular bioeconomy concept: Enhanced bioconversion of crude glycerol into 1,3-PDO production by immobilized Clostridium butyricum JKT 37

Oct 14, 2024

Journal Clean Techn Environ Policy

publisher Springer

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-03025-4

Fibrous oil palm frond as a potential microbial immobilization carrier for enhanced 1,3-propanediol productivity

Oct 1, 2024

Journal Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114000

Issue 5

Volume 12

In line with Sustainable Development Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, the biotransformation of crude glycerol into 1,3-propanediol establishes a circular bioeconomy between regional crude glycerol and value-added green polymer. However, the bioproduction of 1,3-propanediol is restricted by a slow conversion rate, which could potentially be overcome using the immobilization technique. In this work, the locally isolated Clostridium butyricum JKT 37 was immobilized on coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC), granular durian peel (GDP), or fibrous oil palm frond (FOPF) to ferment crude glycerol to produce 1,3-propanediol. Amongst these, the immobilized cell density of FOPF was four times higher than the CSAC. FOPF immobilizer had resulted in an improvement in the immobilization efficiency (45.61 %), 1,3-PDO productivity (22.93 %), and maximum instantaneous productivity (36.12 %) as compared to the CSAC. 18.99 g/L of 1,3-PDO was produced from immobilized-FOPF fermentation at the highest yield of 0.65 mol/mol. This superior cell adsorption on FOPF was supported by its high water absorption index (4.16 g/g) and morphology. GDP immobilizer had a higher immobilized cell density (9.20 g/L) and cell retention (0.18 g/g) than CSAC, with insignificant improvement in the 1,3-propanediol production. The biological activity of the immobilized cells on FOPF was validated in 12 cycles repeated batch fermentations with 1,3-PDO yield and productivity as high as 0.68 mol/mol and 1.43 g/L.h, respectively. This research has proven the high performance of fibrous immobilizers and serves as the benchmark for future investigation into the use of agricultural waste to enhance other bioprocess’s productivity.

Mechanism of inhibition of alpha-amylase by caffeic acid using in-vitro and in-silico techniques

Sep 17, 2024

Journal Natural Product Research

publisher Taylor & Francis

DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2024.2402465

Type-two diabetes, characterised by insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production, is prevalent among adults. The α-amylase enzyme contributes to carbohydrate digestion, elevating postprandial glucose levels. Natural compounds like caffeic acid offer a solution. This study investigates α-amylase inhibition via in-vitro and in-silico methods, emphasising the connection between phenolic compounds and antidiabetic efficacy for in-silico analysis. Enzyme kinetics, IC50, and molecular docking examine caffeic acid’s inhibitory action on α-amylase, comparing it with gallic acid and acarbose. Caffeic acid outperforms acarbose with an IC50 of 4.505 mg/mL versus 16.81 mg/mL, showcasing strong antidiabetic activity. Caffeic acid’s superior 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition (90.67%) compared to gallic acid (55.76%) indicates potent antioxidative and antidiabetic properties. Molecular docking reveals hydrogen bonding between caffeic acid and α-amylase. These insights lay the groundwork for phenolic-based diabetic therapies, offering less expensive treatment for diabetes patients.

Evaluation of biohydrogen production from rice straw hydrolysate via Clostridium sp. YM1: In-lab fermentation and techno-economic study

Jul 24, 2024

Journal International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.07.293

This study investigates the potential of rice straw (RS) to be used as a feedstock for the production of biohydrogen (BioH2). To simplify the structure of the RS, thermochemical treatment is applied using HNO3 and NaOH at different concentrations. At a concentration of 1% (v/v) nitric acid (HNO3), the highest sugar concentration achieved was 27.73 g/L. This condition was utilized in dark fermentation with Clostridium sp. YM1 at 30 °C in an anaerobic environment, resulting in a biohydrogen production that surpasses the yield of the control sample by 27%. Furthermore, supplementation of 20 mg of ferrous and magnesium ions enhanced the biohydrogen yield (HY), which achieved 1.12 molH₂/molsugar and 1.19 molH₂/molsugar, respectively. This study demonstrated that butyric acid fermentation was the main pathway for Clostridium sp. YM1 to produce BioH2 from HNO3-treated RS. The findings were further evaluated for their economic profitability using SuperPro designer in batch production mode to treat 100 kgRS/batch that demonstrated the feasibility of the project with payback period (PBP), and net present value (NPV) of 3.78 years and USD 4,722,929, respectively. The study herein provides valuable insights and recommendations aimed at enhancing the feasibility of the conversion of RS into BioH2, thereby advancing the potential for sustainable bioenergy production.

Impact of light spectra on photo-fermentative biohydrogen production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides KKU-PS1

Feb 1, 2024

Journal Bioresource Technology

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130222

Volume 394

Purple non-sulphur bacteria can only capture up to 10 % light spectra and only 1–5 % of light is converted efficiently for biohydrogen production. To enhance light capture and conversion efficiencies, it is necessary to understand the impact of various light spectra on light harvesting pigments. During photo-fermentation, Rhodobacter sphaeroides KKU-PS1 cultivated at 30 °C and 150 rpm under different light spectra has been investigated. Results revealed that red light is more beneficial for biomass accumulation, whereas green light showed the greatest impact on photo-fermentative biohydrogen production. Light conversion efficiency by green light is 2-folds of that under control white light, hence photo-hydrogen productivity is ranked as green > red > orange > violet > blue > yellow. These experimental data demonstrated that green and red lights are essential for photo-hydrogen and biomass productions of R. sphaeroides and a clearer understanding that possibly pave the way for further photosynthetic enhancement research.

Utilization of Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) Liquid as Cost-Effective Macronutrients and Micronutrients for Bioethanol Production

Dec 15, 2023

DOI https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23106227

Volume 106

Investigation of the White-rot Fungus Biomass Extraction Conditions and Their Impact on Phenolic, Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Activities

Jul 18, 2023

Journal International Journal of Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy (IJBUSE)

DOI https://doi.org/10.58915/ijbuse.v1.2023.244

White-rot fungus are known as natural source of antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic, and other enzymes through extraction processes. In this study, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Panus tigrinus biomass were subjected into different extraction conditions to determine the best optimal level for the extraction of phenolic and flavonoids compounds. P. chrysosporium produced high yield of phenolic (0.7041 mg/mL) and flavonoids (0.0286 mg/mL) compared to P. tigrinus; 0.3755 mg/mL and 0.0109 mg/mL of phenolic and flavonoids compounds, respectively. P. chrysosporium has higher antioxidant activity (70.31%) compared with P. tigrinus (25.30%). Therefore, P. chrysosporium was selected to determine the optimum condition for extraction method of phenolic and flavonoids compounds using aquoues-two phase system. The conditions used in the extraction was time within the range of 30 min to 180 min and temperature range from 250°C to 650°C. The conditions were optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) under Central Composite Design. The best optimum condition was 105 min and 450°C, this condition produced the highest concentrations of phenolic, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (AA%) at 0.4269 mg/mL, 0.0695 mg/mL, and 76.13% respectively. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to determine the presence of phenolic and flavonoids in the sample. The Rf value from P. chrysosporium was 0.98 closed to the Rf values of gallic acid and 3,4-hydroxybenzoic acid at 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows that P. chrysosporium have gallic acid, 3,4 hydroxybenzoic acid and small amount of quercetin.

Water reclamation from palm oil mill effluent (POME): Recent technologies, by-product recovery, and challenges

Apr 1, 2023

Journal Journal of Water Process Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103488

Water scarcity will continue to be a global challenge in the coming years as long as sustainable solutions remain far-fetched. It has become necessary to improve the efficiency of water circulation to reduce the net demand in high water consumption sectors such as agriculture. In palm oil industry, the extraction of crude palm oil from oil palm fruit bunch requires a large amount of water, half of which is discharged as palm oil mill effluent (POME) that is considered a high strength wastewater. The current trend of POME research focuses on moving from conventional open-ponding treatment to an integrated zero-discharge system for better effluent management. In this review, the attempts taken by researchers in laboratory and pilot scale were highlighted to achieve an effluent of high-quality water from POME that can be used as drinking water or recycled as boiler water in the palm oil production process. Membrane technology has recently emerged as one of the most promising separation techniques having a broad spectrum of applications including POME treatment. Furthermore, water reclamation technique involving evaporation can split POME solids and recover clean water in a more sustainable and space-saving manner. Additionally, recovery of by-product, such as biofertilizer and biofuels, is necessary to overcome the cost of the treatment. As a whole, in spite of several challenges, water reclamation from POME can be considered economically feasible system from techno-economic analysis perspective and it can feasibly shift the adopted industrial method from a linear take-use-discharge economy approach to a circular economy by keeping water in circulation.

Hydrophilic/Underwater Oleophobic Composite Hydrogel for Efficient Oil/Water Separation in Environmental Remediation

Dec 16, 2024 - Dec 18, 2024

Country Malaysia

Location Kuala Lumpur

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Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Hydrogel with Rice Straw-Based Cellulose

Sep 2, 2024 - Sep 3, 2024

Publisher 4th International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy 2024 (ICoBiomasSE 2024)

Country Malaysia

Location Penang

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Production of biohydrogen from rice straw hydrolysate using Clostridium Acetobutylicum YM1

Nov 23, 2023 - Nov 24, 2023

Country Indonesia

Location Solo

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Pre-Treatment Methods for the Enhancement of Biohydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): a Review

Dec 18, 2021 - Dec 21, 2021

Publisher International Conference on Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses (ABBS 2020)

Country Taiwan

Location Taichung

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Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time on Thermophilic Biohydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent in an UASB Bioreactor

Jul 23, 2017 - Jul 27, 2017

Publisher The 13th Asian Congress on Biotechnology 2017 (ACB 2017) “Bioinnovation and Bioeconomy”

Country Thailand

Location Khon Kaen

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Pretreatment conditions of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for thermophilic biohydrogen production by mixed culture

Oct 5, 2016 - Oct 8, 2016

Publisher 11th Asian Biohydrogen & Biomass Symposium (ABBS 2016)

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.178

Country South Korea

Location Jeju Island

Production of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate-Lipase from Channel Catfish (Ictularus punctatus) Viscera

Jun 1, 2014 - Jun 2, 2014

Publisher International conference on biological, chemical and environmental sciences (IICBE-2014)

Country Malaysia

Location Penang

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Extraction and Screening of Various Hydrolases from Malaysian Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Viscera

Feb 16, 2014 - Feb 17, 2014

Publisher 4th International Chemical & Environmental Engineering Conference, (ICEEC-2014)

Country Malaysia

Location Kuala Lumpur

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