Publications
The Influence of ZINC on Humoral and Cellular Immunity in a Toxoplasmosis Patient
Feb 28, 2026Journal International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Publisher International Society for Science and Nature
DOI https://doi.org/10.64252/1qtw4p85
Issue 5s
Volume 16
ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis infection can influence complex immune responses that increase both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Zinc is a very important material that increases the function of the immune system and has been linked to immune response modulation. In this study, the role of zinc on humoral (IgG, IgM) and cellular (CD4, CD8) immunity was investigated in patients with different serological status for Toxoplasma gondii. 102 samples of serum and EDTA were collected from different labs in Erbil and Duhok cities. Toxoplasmosis was enrolled, and zinc was evaluated with a spectrophotometer. T-cell subset (CD4 and CD8) test determined by flow cytometry. Jamovi was used to perform the statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, T-test, Pearson's, and linear regression. The results showed that zinc was greater in patients with higher IgG levels, the P-value was less than 0.005. The correlation between zinc and IgG was moderate (r =0.461, R² = 0.212), demonstrating that zinc accounted for 21.2% of the disparity in IgG levels, and the P-value was less than 0.005. Furthermore, there was no relation between zinc and IgM; the P-value was 0.930, the CD4 p-value was 0.016, and the CD8 p-value was 0.002. Zinc plays a significant role in increasing the latent IgG levels, which means it increases memory against Toxoplasma gondii. These findings are important in demonstrating the role of increasing humoral immunity against the disease by zinc. Keywords: Toxoplasma, Zinc, immune system, Humeral, Cellular, IgG, IgM
Effect Of Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Disease And Vaccine On Mortality Rate In COVID-19 Patients In Iraq
Sep 14, 2025Journal The review Diabetic Studies
DOI https://doi.org/10.1900/0s5t3656
Issue S9
Volume 21
Background, COVID-19 has created a significant global health concern, diabetes and heart disease are most commonly seen in severely ill cases. A retrospective analytical study was carried among 105 patients, who were COVID-19 cases confirmed by PCR. Objective, to estimate the effect of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and vaccine on the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients in Iraq Methodology, Clinical data, vaccination background, and comorbidity status (heart disease and diabetes mellitus) were recorded. Biochemical parameters such as random blood sugar (RBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Death was declared as the primary outcome. Statistical analysis was done using Jamovi, applying chi-square tests, t-tests, as well as logistic regression to determine independent predictors of death. Results, out of 105 COVID-19 patients, 19 (18.1%) died. Heart disease was significantly associated with mortality (χ²=14.1, p<0.001), with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.85 (95% CI: 2.31–20.3). In contrast, diabetes mellitus was not considered as a significant predictor of death (χ²=0.675, p=0.411). Logistic regression analysis identified heart disease as the strongest independent predictor of mortality (OR=8.39, 95% CI: 2.24–31.4, p=<0.002), while HbA1c, RBS, BMI, vaccination status, and diabetes showed no statistically significant associations. Conclusion, Heart disease was strongly associated with mortality among Iraq COVID-19 cases, while diabetes mellitus and glycemic indices failed to impact survival outcome significantly. These are valuable findings to impart that cardiovascular disease patients should benefit from stringent monitoring and management in COVID-19 infection.
Renal Histological Effects of Artificial Sweeteners in Albino Rats
Apr 15, 2025Journal International Journal of Environmental Science
DOI https://doi.org/10.64252/1qtw4p85
Issue 2S
Volume 11
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of artificial sweeteners on the kidneys of male and female rats, and to identify the potential renal tissue damage effects. The study included (15) male and female rats that were subjected to the necessary laboratory conditions for 30 days. They were divided as follows: a control group; a group that was given one sweetener tablet dissolved in 2 cc of water at a rate of two doses of 1 cc for a month; and a group that was given two sweetener tablets dissolved in 4 cc of water at a rate of four doses of 1 cc for a month. Histological examination of the kidneys of rats treated with one and two sweeteners revealed tissue lesions in the cortex, fragmentation and atrophy of the glomerulus, expansion of the capsular or urinary space, desquamation of the epithelium lining the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule, and desquamation of the epithelial cells lining several urinary tubules. Hematomas were also present in some sections. The medulla also showed extensive hemorrhage around the urinary tubules and partial desquamation of the epithelium lining several urinary tubules. Our study concluded that the use of sweeteners containing sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin is unsafe for the kidney and may cause renal tissue lesions over the long term.