Publications
Effect Of Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Disease And Vaccine On Mortality Rate In COVID-19 Patients In Iraq
Sep 14, 2025Journal The review Diabetic Studies
DOI https://doi.org/10.1900/0s5t3656
Issue S9
Volume 21
Background, COVID-19 has created a significant global health concern, diabetes and heart disease are most commonly seen in severely ill cases. A retrospective analytical study was carried among 105 patients, who were COVID-19 cases confirmed by PCR. Objective, to estimate the effect of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and vaccine on the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients in Iraq Methodology, Clinical data, vaccination background, and comorbidity status (heart disease and diabetes mellitus) were recorded. Biochemical parameters such as random blood sugar (RBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Death was declared as the primary outcome. Statistical analysis was done using Jamovi, applying chi-square tests, t-tests, as well as logistic regression to determine independent predictors of death. Results, out of 105 COVID-19 patients, 19 (18.1%) died. Heart disease was significantly associated with mortality (χ²=14.1, p<0.001), with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.85 (95% CI: 2.31–20.3). In contrast, diabetes mellitus was not considered as a significant predictor of death (χ²=0.675, p=0.411). Logistic regression analysis identified heart disease as the strongest independent predictor of mortality (OR=8.39, 95% CI: 2.24–31.4, p=<0.002), while HbA1c, RBS, BMI, vaccination status, and diabetes showed no statistically significant associations. Conclusion, Heart disease was strongly associated with mortality among Iraq COVID-19 cases, while diabetes mellitus and glycemic indices failed to impact survival outcome significantly. These are valuable findings to impart that cardiovascular disease patients should benefit from stringent monitoring and management in COVID-19 infection.
Renal Histological Effects of Artificial Sweeteners in Albino Rats
Apr 15, 2025Journal International Journal of Environmental Science
DOI https://doi.org/10.64252/1qtw4p85
Issue 2S
Volume 11
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of artificial sweeteners on the kidneys of male and female rats, and to identify the potential renal tissue damage effects. The study included (15) male and female rats that were subjected to the necessary laboratory conditions for 30 days. They were divided as follows: a control group; a group that was given one sweetener tablet dissolved in 2 cc of water at a rate of two doses of 1 cc for a month; and a group that was given two sweetener tablets dissolved in 4 cc of water at a rate of four doses of 1 cc for a month. Histological examination of the kidneys of rats treated with one and two sweeteners revealed tissue lesions in the cortex, fragmentation and atrophy of the glomerulus, expansion of the capsular or urinary space, desquamation of the epithelium lining the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule, and desquamation of the epithelial cells lining several urinary tubules. Hematomas were also present in some sections. The medulla also showed extensive hemorrhage around the urinary tubules and partial desquamation of the epithelium lining several urinary tubules. Our study concluded that the use of sweeteners containing sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin is unsafe for the kidney and may cause renal tissue lesions over the long term.