Publications
Enhanced energy storage via one-step preparation of Cuo-nanosalt
Oct 17, 2025Journal European Physical Journal Plus
Publisher Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOI 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06924-7
Issue 10
Volume 140
Molten salts are widely used as thermal energy storage materials in solar thermal systems; however, their limited thermophysical properties, particularly low specific heat capacity, restrict their performance. This study uses a novel one-step method to prepare nanoparticles directly in the base salt under different preparation conditions. We have extended the examination of various preparation conditions from our previous study. The precursor material was copper sulfate uses to produce copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The concentrations of the prepared CuO nanoparticles keeps fixed at 1 wt.%. The preparation processes of CuO nanoparticles were at different times and temperatures. The results reveal a significant influence of the preparation method conditions on the enhancement of thermophysical properties of nanosalt. The one-step method achieved the highest increase in specific heat capacity, with improvements of 32.63% in the solid phase and 21.74% in the liquid phase compared to the base salt without any additives. Additionally, sensible heat storage improved by 8.623% using the one-step nanosalt formulation. More notably, latent heat showed a remarkable increase of 76.46% for the one-step CuO-nanosalt compared to the pure binary salt. Furthermore, the one-step method is a cost-effective way to save on the cost and time of preparations by 89.27%. These findings underscore the crucial role of the preparation technique in determining the thermal behavior of nanosalts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed the presence of CuO nanoparticle agglomeration in samples prepared via the one-step method, which may contribute to the observed enhancements. This work provides new insights into optimizing nanosalt formulations for more efficient thermal energy storage systems.
A Review of Spur Gear Fault Diagnosis: Monitoring Methods, Predictive Models, and Industrial Challenges
Sep 28, 2025Journal NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology (NTU-JET)
Publisher Northern Technical University, Iraq
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/er1kna15
Volume Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)
Spur gears made from metal serve as central equipment in multiple mechanical configurations. They experience various defects like fatigue cracks, abrasion, and adhesion wear, pitting and scuffing. This review delivers a detailed analysis and performance review of research material from recent studies regarding spur gear failure modes, together with monitoring techniques and predictive models. Where detailed analysis through real-world examinations is conducted, wind energy applications are combined with automotive and manufacturing sector work environments to evaluate diagnostic system performance in practice. In this paper, both benefits and drawbacks across time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-frequency domain techniques are analyzed. This includes Fast Fourier Transform, empirical mode decomposition, wavelet transform, and Hilbert-Huang transform, as well as contemporary developments in machine learning diagnostic systems. The research sector identifies three main missing elements: limited availability of fault-labeled data, difficulties in maintaining operational condition generalization, and real-time system implementation. Future work and industrial use of spur gear fault diagnosis solutions need guidance to develop robust interpretive fault detection systems at a large operational scale.