Detection of Typhoid infection in Northern Technical University students and its correlation with blood groups

Dec 29, 2025

Journal Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research

publisher Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology

DOI 10.21608/JBAAR.2025.350762.1137

Issue 3

Volume 11

Background: In many developing nations, typhoid fever is still a serious public health concern, especially for students and young adults. Blood group antigens, which can alter host–pathogen interactions, are one of several factors that may affect a person's vulnerability to typhoid infection. Objective: This study aimed to find out how common typhoid infection is among students and investigate how it relates to the blood types of ABO and Rh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of students with febrile illness. Blood samples were collected and tested using the Widal test to detect serous Salmonella typhi. Blood classification was performed using standard agglomeration techniques. Results: 50 blood samples were collected, 21 (42%) female and 29 (58%) male. 34 students (68%) and three students (6%) had Salmo-nella typhi and Salmonella para-typhi infections. Group A+B+O individuals, especially females, appeared more susceptible to severe typhoid infections. Group AB showed limited infections, primarily mild in males, suggesting a potential protective effect. Conclusion: According to this study, there is a substantial relation-ship between the prevalence of typhoid infections among college students and particular blood types, where Blood group and gender influence Typhoid infection susceptibility and severity. Group B+ve females and A+ve males showed notable infection patterns, while other groups had lower or no infection rates. Com-prehending these trends might facilitate the creation of focused health interventions and safeguards against typhoid infections in this demographic. To investigate the underlying causes of this connection, further in-vestigation may be necessary.

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The Relationship Between HbA1c and Diabetes

Jun 1, 2025

Journal Pharaonic Journal of Science

publisher Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology

DOI 10.71428/PJS.2025.0104

Issue 1

Volume 1

One of the most important biomarkers for the diagnosis and long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus is haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). By calculating the proportion of glycated haemoglobin in the blood it provides an indication of the average blood glucose levels during the previous two to three months. Poor glycaemic control and a higher risk of complications from diabetes, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease, are closely linked to elevated HbA1c levels. Because of this connection, HbA1c is a trustworthy measure for diabetes diagnosis as well as for tracking patient compliance and treatment efficacy. In order to lower complications and enhance patient outcomes, current clinical guidelines advise keeping HbA1c below particular thresholds. Effective disease management and prevention strategies require an understanding of the relationships between HbA1c levels and the progression of diabetes.

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Immunological Response to Herpes Virus and Its Relationship with Interleukin 10

Jun 1, 2025

Journal Pharaonic Journal of Science

publisher Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology

DOI 10.71428/PJS.2025.0104

Issue 1

Volume 1

A class of DNA viruses called herpesviruses is well-known for its capacity to create latent infections that last a lifetime and to elude the host's immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and antibody-mediated reactions are examples of both innate and adaptive immunity that are involved in the immune response to herpesvirus infection. Modulating host cytokine responses is one of the complex strategies that herpesviruses have evolved to circumvent these defences. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is essential for controlling immunological responses and preventing tissue damage. To inhibit immune activation and increase viral persistence, a number of herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), encode viral homologs of IL-10 or cause the host to produce IL-10. This immunomodulatory effect aids in the development of latency and reactivation as well as the virus's ability to evade immune surveillance. Knowing how herpesviruses and IL-10

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HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND PLATELETS COUNT IN ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Nov 19, 2021

Journal WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCED HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

publisher Bhopal: Society for Advanced Healthcare Research

Issue 6

Volume 5

Aim of the Study: To assess the level of the haemoglobin and the platelet count in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects and Material: In this study and during a period of eight months, sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, (50) females and (10) males, attending Ibn-Sina teaching hospital in Mosul / the rheumatology department were included. Their ages were ranging between (19-70) years, with the mean of (45.15) years, those patients were diagnosed to have rheumatoid arthritis according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), and patients were considered to have an active disease according to parameters of assessing disease activity. This study includes clinical evaluation of disease activity depending on the number of inflamed joints and pain intensity (score), assessing the haemoglobin level and the platelet count. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between haemoglobin and platelet count and a significant increase in platelet count with disease activity. Conclusion: 76.6% were in fourth-sixth decades of life with a female predominance. Anaemia was found in (46.7%) of cases and the degree of anaemia increased with disease activity. The anaemia was mostly of normochromic normocytic type (82.14%). Thrombocytosis was found in (63.3%) of patients and it had a significant positive correlation with Ritchie index (p<0.05).

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FIBRINOGEN LEVEL AND ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Sep 3, 2021

Journal WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCED HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

publisher Bhopal: Society for Advanced Healthcare Research

Issue 5

Volume 5

Aim of the Study: To assess Plasma fibrinogen level in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (ARA). Subjects and Materials: Sixty patients with ARA attending rheumatology department in Ibn-Sina teaching hospital in Mosul, were included in this study during a period of eight months. Their mean age was (45.15) years ranging between (19-70) years, (50) females and (10) males, those patients were diagnosed to have rheumatoid arthritis according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and patients were considered to have an active disease according to parameters of assessing disease activity. In addition to those patients, thirty healthy persons were included as a control group for measurement of plasma fibrinogen. The study includes clinical evaluation of disease activity depending on the number of inflamed joints and pain intensity (score), plasma fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results: A significant positive correlation was found between plasma fibrinogen level and ESR (p<0.05). Conclusions: 76.6% of patients were in fourth - sixth decades of life with a female predominance. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in (98.3%). Plasma fibrinogen level had a significant positive correlation with ESR level (p<0.05).

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