Publications
The Role of GIS in Enhancing Agricultural Planning and Mechanization in Climatically Diverse Areas: An Analytical Study in Nineveh
Dec 29, 2025Journal NTU Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Publisher Northern Technical University
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/7kje2t75
Issue 4
Volume 5
This study showed the role of geographic information systems (GIS) in enhancing future agricultural planning and decision-making related to the use of agricultural mechanization in the areas of Al-Qosh and Hammam al-Alil/Ninawa Governorate/Iraq. The study showed the possibility of conducting descriptive analysis using satellite images and maps of exploited agricultural areas to assess the suitability of agricultural land based on the nature of the land, climatic changes and soil. The results showed significant differences between the two regions in the amount of rainfall, the size and area of agricultural holdings and the slope of the land, which requires a mechanism adapted to local conditions. The study highlighted the importance of integrating GIS with precision farming systems to optimize the use of machines and increase productivity. The proposed strategies included improving the use of water resources through irrigation projects, improving rural roads and infrastructure to facilitate the movement of agricultural machinery. This research contributes to the policies of using sustainable agricultural mechanization based on the accuracy of spatial analysis, support food security and the advancement of the agricultural sector in various climatic conditions. This study explored the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in enhancing agricultural planning and supporting mechanization-related decision-making in Al-Qosh and Hammam Al-Alil subdistricts, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. A spatial-descriptive analytical approach was employed, utilizing satellite imagery and agricultural district index maps to assess land suitability based on topographic, climatic, and soil criteria. Results revealed significant variations between the two subdistricts in rainfall, district size, and land slope, necessitating tailored mechanization models suited to local conditions. The study highlighted the importance of integrating GIS with precision agriculture systems to optimize machinery allocation and increase productivity. Proposed strategies included better utilization of water resources through water harvesting projects and improving rural road infrastructure to facilitate machinery movement and agricultural services. This research contributes to sustainable agricultural mechanization policies grounded in precise spatial analysis, supporting food security and advancing the agricultural sector in diverse climatic contexts.
Effect of Tillage Depth and Forward Speed on the Performance of a Rotavator Plough Under Semi-arid Conditions
Dec 29, 2025Journal Journal of Agricultural Machinery
Publisher Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Mechanical Engineers (ISME)
DOI https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2025.94645.1415
Issue 1
Volume 17
Mechanisation is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and operational efficiency, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the performance of a CLAAS Talos 220 two-wheel-drive tractor equipped with a Shaktiman rotavator plough at tillage depths of 10 and 15 cm and forward speeds of 3, 5, and 7 km·h-1 in northern Iraq during the 2023–2024 cropping season. The results showed that increasing depth and speed led to higher power losses resulting from wheel slippage, increased fuel consumption, and decreased field efficiency and actual ploughing depth. The highest power loss (6.96 hp) and lowest efficiency (66.60%) were recorded at a depth of 15 cm and a speed of 7 km·h-1, while the lowest power loss (0.031 hp) and the highest efficiency (80.42%) were recorded at a depth of 10 cm and a speed of 3 km·h-1. It was also shown that fuel consumption increases with depth, but decreases at higher speeds, and that the actual depth of ploughing decreases due to vibrations. The results indicate that operating at an average depth of approximately 10 cm and at an average speed of about 5 km·h-1 is the optimal choice for energy use, improving field performance, and enhancing soil conservation. Mechanization is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and operational efficiency, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the performance of a CLAAS Tolos220 two-wheel-drive tractor equipped with a Shaktiman rotavator plow at tillage depths of 10 and 15 cm and forward speeds of 3, 5, and 7 km.h1 in northern Iraq during the 2023–2024 cropping season. The results showed that increasing depth and speed led to higher power losses resulting from wheel slippage, increased fuel consumption, and decreased field efficiency and actual depth of plowing. The highest power loss (6.96 hp) and lowest efficiency (66.60%) were recorded at a depth of 15 cm and a speed of 7 km/h, while the lowest power loss (0.031 hp) and the highest efficiency (80.42%) were recorded at a depth of 10 cm and a speed of 3 km/h. It was also shown that fuel consumption increases with depth, but decreases at higher speeds, and that the actual depth of plowing decreases due to vibrations. The results indicate that operating at an average depth of approximately 10 cm and at an average speed of approximately 5 km/h is the optimal choice for energy use, improving field performance, and enhancing soil conservation. البحث متاح على الانترنت بتاريخ 21/12/2025 سينشر في Volume 17, Issue 1, 2027.
The Economic Feasibility for Operating the Algerian Combine Harvester PMA at Nineveh Area Conditions
Aug 28, 2024Journal International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
Publisher International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
DOI https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.808025
Issue 8
Volume 8
The study was conducted in Nineveh Governorate by conducting a comparison of agricultural crops (wheat, barley, lentils) for the seasons (2014 – 2015 – 2016) to determine the economic feasibility of operating the Algerian combine harvester (PMA) and its impact on some of the factors and characteristics studied. (A. Maintenance before operation B. Maintenance during operation C. Oils, greases and fuel, D. Transportation costs E. Food costs F. Costs of technicians and administrators G. revenues from the three crops) The data was analyzed according to the design (R.C.B.D.) and the results were as follows: A. The year 2016 recorded the lowest pre-operation maintenance cost, reaching 862000 dinars, while the year 2014 recorded the highest value, reaching 863667 dinars, B. The year 2014 recorded the lowest value, reaching 647667 dinars, while the year 2016 recorded the highest value, reaching 920933 dinars, C. The year 2014 recorded the lowest value, reaching 210000 dinars, while the year 2016 recorded the highest value, reaching 633667 dinars, D. The year 2016 recorded the lowest value, reaching 378333 dinars, while the year 2015 recorded the highest value, reaching 718667 dinars, E. The year 2016 recorded the lowest value, reaching 171466 dinars, while the year 2016 recorded the highest value, reaching 232000 dinars, F. The year 2016 recorded the lowest value, reaching 139133 dinars, while the year 2015 recorded the highest value, reaching 917000 dinars, G. The year 2015 recorded the highest value of revenues for crops, respectively (wheat, barley, lentils), while the year 2016 recorded the lowest value of revenues for crops, respectively (wheat, barley, lentils).
EFFECT OF SEEDING DEPTHS OF TWO TYPES OF FURROW OPENERS AND CLOSERS IN ZERO TILLAGE SEEDER IN SOME MECHANIZATION TRAITS AND IN SOME GROWTH TRAITS
Oct 3, 2019Journal Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture / College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul
Publisher Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture Vol. (47), Supplement III,
Issue 3
Volume 47
A field experiment was carried out on (28/12/2012) in the agricultural season (2012-2013) in Bauazh / Tilkaif location (Moderate Rainfall Area-MRA) in a farmer's fields, experiment field was implemented Zero – Tillage farming system for several seasons. The field soil texture was clay. Italian Gaspardo Sc250 Seeder modified to ZT farming system used in the cultivation of bread wheat (Bohouth 4) the rainfall precipitation in the season was (516 mm). Experiment included three factors: the first factor was Press wheels with two levels, gang press wheel and mutual press wheel, the second factor was the Opener types with two levels, Hoe (Tine) Opener and inverted (T) Opener. The third factor was the seeding depths with two levels (3-4 cm) and (4.1-5 cm). Experiment was implemented with split split plot under randomized complete block design with three replicates where is the press wheels represent the main plot while the Openers within subplot while seeding depths was under sub sub plot. Following mechanization Traits were studied (the actual disturbed volume, the achieved depth), crop growth traits were also studied (number of plants/m2 , expected loss rate). The results did not show significant differences between the two types of press wheel in (the actual disturbed volume and the achieved depth) While there were no significant differences between the two types Openers in the form of (the achieved depth) The obtained results indicated that the depth of the seed depth (3-4 cm) in the improvement (the actual disturbed volume, the achieved depth) compared to the depth (4.1-5 cm) Triangular interference between the pressure wheels on a single line, the Hoe tine and the depth (3-4 cm) showed the best values for the actual effect of the soil compared to the rest of the treatments. While the triangular interference between the pressure wheels on a single line with the inverted (T) depth (4.1-5 cm) was higher (the achieved depth) than the rest of the coefficients. Bilateral interference record between pressure wheels on a single line with the inverted T was the highest number of plants per square meter and the lowest loss ratio of the seeds compared to the rest of the treatments. Triangular interference between the pressure wheels on a single line, the inverted T and the depth (3-4 cm) the highest number of plants per square meter, and the lowest percentage compared to the rest of the transactions. Key words: Seeders, Furrow Openers, Furrow Closers, Zero-Tillage.
EFFECT OF TWO TYPES (FURROW OPENERS AND CLOSERS) IN ZERO TILLEGE SEEDER ON SOME MECHANIZATION TRAITS
Sep 1, 2018Journal Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture
Publisher College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul
DOI https://doi.org/10.33899/MAGRJ.2018.161500
Issue 3
Volume 46
A field experiment was carried out during the agricultural season (2012-2013) in Moderate Rainfall Area-MRA /Nineveh governorate. Italian Gaspardo Sc250 Seeder modified to ZT farming system used in the cultivation of bread wheat. The experiment included three factors: the first factor was Press wheels with two levels, gang press wheel and mutual press wheel, the second factor was the Opener types with two levels, Hoe (Tine) Opener and inverted (T) Opener, the third one was the seeding depths with two levels (3-4 cm) and (4.1-5 cm). This experiment was implemented with split split plot under randomized complete block design with three replicates where the press wheels represented the main plot while the Openers within subplot and seeding depths were under sub sub plot. The mechanization Traits studied were: (slippage percentage, fuel consumption, field efficiency, power requirements).The results showed a significant effect of gang press wheel in enhanced these mechanization traits: (slippage percentage, fuel consumption, field efficiency, power requirements) compared with mutual press wheel. The results also indicated the less significant value of the Hoe opener. The results again showed the significant effect of (3-4 cm) seeding depth in improving the fallowing traits: (slippage percentage, fuel consumption, field efficiency, power requirements) compared with the depth (4.1-5 cm). The interaction between the two types of press wheels and opener types had a significant effect in mechanization traits. The interaction between gang press wheel with seeding depth (3-4 & 4.1-5 cm) had a significant effect in enhancing mechanical characteristics (Slippage percentage, Fuel consumption, Field efficiency, Power requirement). The dual interaction between the Hoe tine with seeding depth (3-4 cm) recorded the best results for the following traits (Slippage percentage, Fuel consumption, Power requirements) and high field efficiency compared with other treatments. Triple interaction between gang press wheel with Hoe tine and seeding depth (3-4 cm) had best values for the studied traits (Slippage percentage, Fuel consumption, Field efficiency, Power requirements) compared with other treatments.