Mohammed Qader Abdulrahman -

Gender	MALE
Place of Work	College of Oil & Gas Techniques Engineering / Kirkuk
Position	Head of Fuel and Energy Techniques Engineering Department
Qualification	Ph.D
Speciality	Chemical Engineering
Email	mohammed83@ntu.edu.iq
Phone	+964771331999
Address	Hai-Alwasity, Kirkuk, Iraq, Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq

Comparative Performance of NF90 and NF270 Nanofiltration Membranes in Direct Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Aug 31, 2025

Journal International Journal of Heat and Technology

DOI https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.430422

This work uses NF90 and NF270 nanofiltration membrane separation to remove direct dyes from aqueous solutions. DR80 and DY8 are the direct dyes used in this investigation. The textile industry releases direct dye effluent into rivers and oceans, causing several major problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the dye rejection and permeate flow performance of nanofiltration membranes (NF90 and NF270) for DR80 and DY8. The study also tested microfilter paper (MF) under 100 KPa to reject DR80 and DY8. The pH, operating pressure, and dye concentration of the original solution determine dye rejection and permeate flow. The investigation shows that NF90 and NF270 reject DR80 at 98.98% and 98.30%, respectively, between 600–1000 KPa. Additionally, DY8 rejection averages 90.18 percent and 97.1 percent. The investigation also found that both dyes had the lowest permeate flux at 1.0 g/L and the greatest at 0.2 g/L. Comparisons show that microfilter paper rejects less than nanofiltration membrane. A predicament arises from the fact that the nanofiltration membrane operates at pressures six to ten times higher than those used in microfiltration, which typically functions at approximately 100 kPa. As a result, a direct comparison between the two filtration methods may lead to misleading conclusions.

Recovery of tungsten from catalytic converter scraps using a Schiff-base adsorbent and subsequent preparation of tungsten oxide nanoparticles

Jun 13, 2025

Journal Materials Chemistry and Physics

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131146

Issue 131146

Volume 344

This study reports the synthesis of a new Schiff base namely 2-hydroxy-3-((3-((E)-1-(2-(2-((E)-1-(4-(2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propoxy)-3-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-5-yl)ethylid-ene)hydrazine-1-carbonothioyl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)-5-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium (HMPO/QA) and its application in extracting and concentrating W(VI) from synthetic solutions and honeycomb-type spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst as a real application. Optimal parameters for the sorption capacity of 391.43 mg/g at pH 5.5, 0.06 g of adsorbent, 30 min of contacting time, and room temperature were determined after studying the adsorption of W(VI) under different variables of initial concentration, pH, dosage, reaction time, and temperature. The desorption of tungsten from W-loaded HMPO/QA sorbent was studied to determine the sorbent's reusability and retrieve valuable W(VI) ions for subsequent preparation of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles. It was possible to desorb most of W(VI) efficiently using 0.5 mol L−1 NaOH for 20 min. This allowed to recover 99.5 % of W(VI) and show remarkable sorbent stability, after eight sorption-desorption cycles. Investigating selectivity revealed that ions like V(V), Ca(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Fe(II) don't interfere much, but Mo(VI), and Cr(VI) had a higher impact. The adsorption process was governed well by pseudo-second-order kinetics modeling, and isotherm models of Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The effective synthesis of HMPO/QA, and WO3 nanoparticles, and adsorption mechanism was confirmed by comprehensive characterization through techniques like FTIR, BET, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GC-MS, XPS, EDX, TEM, and XRD. According to the results of the thermodynamic study, adsorption is endothermic, occurs spontaneously, and becomes more favorable with rising temperature. Based on the results of this study, the effective synthesis process of adsorbent and enhanced W(VI) adsorption capacity, the HMPO/QA sorbent can be applied as highly effective, reusable, stable, and cost-effective adsorbent for tungsten.

Energy Exploration and Recovery via Microwave Processing of Waste Spent Tea into Micro-Fuel Production

Apr 1, 2025

Journal International Journal of Heat & Technology

DOI https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.430227

Issue 2

Volume 43

Thermochemical biomass conversion is an effective method for contaminant removal, energy recovery, and the production of environmentally friendly fuels. This study investigates the conversion of waste-spent tea (WST) into solid carbon micro-fuel using microwave-assisted processing under inert (N₂) conditions. Experiments were conducted using 3 g of WST, with varying microwave powers (300, 500, and 700 W) and irradiation times (10, 15, and 20 minutes). Optimal conditions were identified as 700 W power and 20 minutes of irradiation, resulting in enhanced fuel properties. Under these conditions, the high heating value (HHV) increased significantly from 4.31 kJ/kg (raw WST) to 6.58 kJ/kg, an improvement of 81.50%. Additionally, micro-fuel yield increased by 8.9%, and the fuel ratio improved from 0.79 to 0.86. Proximate and ultimate analyses, along with the Van Krevelen diagram, confirmed the improved fuel quality. The enhanced HHV and fuel ratio indicate that the produced micro-fuel is a promising candidate for solid carbon-based energy generation.

Recycling studies of used engine air filters in the oil leak removal from salt‐water

Dec 25, 2024

Journal Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202400128

Issue 3

Volume 63

This research proposes a practical method for repurposing used car air filters as an oil-absorbing material for saltwater. The maximum oil removal rate obtained was 99.75% with 3.325 g/g oil absorption capacity. It required 2.5 min of exposure at a sorbent dose of 0.3 g and room temperature (28 °C) to achieve this level of effectiveness. With an R-squared value of 0.9796, the Redlich–Peterson model (χ2: 0.0308 and β = 1.1325) was discovered to be the isotherm that fit the data the best. This implies that an oil monolayer is in touch with the utilized filters' surface. With an R-squared of 0.9855 and χ2 (0.0200), the pseudo-first-order kinetic model obtainable the greatest fit. This suggests that the physical sorption mechanism is driving the process. Studies on thermodynamics suggested that the process of absorbing oil was exothermic (∆H: ‒157.209 KJ/mol). According to the reusability study, used car air filters can be recycled up to 5 times, which indicates their potential economic significance.

Desalination of pigment industry wastewater by reverse osmosis using OPM-K membrane

Jun 12, 2023

Journal Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

publisher Elsevier

DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100401

Volume 8

Pigment production plants are among the most polluting industries due to their high-water consumption and complex releases. The current work investigates the removal efficiency of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2), and acetic acid (CH3COOH), and also the permeate flux of a small-batch OPM-K membrane using reverse osmosis (RO) pilot plant at various concentrations and pressures. At 0.034 M and applied pressure of 30 bar, the results showed that the maximum sodium chloride removal and permeate flow were 93.4% and 8.3 × 10−6 m/s, respectively. When the feed concentration was increased to 0.17 M, the maximum removal efficiency and permeate flow were 88.5% and 4.7 × 10−6 m/s, respectively. In addition, acetic acid has a minimum removal efficiency of 76.2% at 0.062 M and 20 bar applied pressure, while sodium acetate has a minimum permeate flow of 2.8 × 10−6 at 0.061 M and 20 bar. To conclude, the results proved RO membrane's high removal efficiency and permeate flux at low salt concentrations. It should also be noted that RO would be more suitable for the retention of NaCl, C2H3NaO2, and CH3COOH, the three components with the highest concentration in wastewater discharged from pigment production plants.

Design Criteria for Energy Efficient Wastewater Treatment

Dec 7, 2022

Journal Fibre Chemistry

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10692-022-10324-3

Issue 6

Volume 53

This paper considers design features of wastewater treatment process relevant for the production of chemical fibers. High efficiency of wastewater treatment is the main condition determining the selection of a particular technology. When selecting a specific process flow diagram, it is proposed to use an aggregate efficiency criterion. A method for calculating such a criterion is described, along with the effect of individual process parameters. A classification of the considered parameters is drawn.

Application of reverse osmosis to improve removal of residual salt content in electrodialysis process

Jun 10, 2022

Journal AIP Conference Proceedings

publisher AIP Publishing LLC

DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0088662

Issue 1

Volume 2466

Salt content is one of the most important sources of industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater from pigment production industries contains high amounts of salts. Electrodialysis (ED) is a common technology used in desalination of industrial wastewater with high recovery rates. Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are widely used in ED process. Before electrodialysis, a preliminary wastewater treatment using microfilter paper is important to prevent damage of membranes. Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are used for greater extraction of salts and dissolved organic materials. Membrane fouling is one of most affecting factors in the processes of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis desalination. IEMs are less membrane fouling than reverse osmosis and can be used for long life time. Spiral wound thin-film flat membrane composite polyamide is considered to be the most common membrane module used in reverse osmosis process. This article provides a critical overview of using reverse osmosis (RO) to improve removal of residual salt content from electrodialysis process.

Diffusion and Osmotic Permeability of Ion Exchange Membrane MK-40 Using Sodium Chloride Solution.

Oct 29, 2021

Journal Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology

DOI https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.29.4.14

Issue 4

Volume 29

Cation exchange membrane (MK-40) is a commercial membrane with a fixed group that is an important part of the electrodialysis (ED) process. Sodium chloride (NaCl) diffusion and osmotic permeability for MK-40 was studied. A cell containing two compartments was used to analyse the properties of the MK-40 membrane fixed between them. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, NaCl concentration, and operating time on MK-40 properties was investigated. The results showed that the highest diffusion permeability coefficient of NaCl was 7.37× 10-9 (m2/s), and the maximum osmotic permeability coefficient of distilled water was 43.8× 10-9 (m2/s) at NaCl solution concentration of 0.1 M and 50oC. Generally, the permeability was constant beyond 60 min of operational time. Additionally, the minimum diffusion permeability coefficients of the MK-40 membrane fell by about 22% over time when the concentration of NaCl solution was 1 M at 25oC. To conclude, membrane properties in the ED process depend on the two electrodes (a cathode and an anode), without the diffusion of salts particles. Meanwhile, the most important properties of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) used in electrodialysis are increased membrane efficiency when water and salts transport decrease through CEMs, which leads to a decrease in energy consumption. Thus, the MK-40 membrane showed a good

Diffusion permeability of cation-exchange membrane in different solutions

Aug 6, 2021

Journal Journal of Ecological Engineering

publisher Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej

DOI DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/140266

Issue 8

Volume 22

This work is devoted to study the effect of thermal conditions and concentrations on the diffusion permeability of a cation exchange membrane (MK-40) using sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) solutions, which are usually highly concentrated components of pigment yellow 13 of industrial wastewater. A cell containing two compartments was used to analyze the properties of membrane. The results showed that the maximum diffusion permeability coefficients for NaCl, C2H3NaO2, and CH3COOH were 6.08×10-9 m2/s, 13.29×10-11 m2/s, and 25.95×10-11 m2/s, respectively. The increase in the CH3COOH solution concentration was found to improve the diffusion permeability. However, the NaCl and C2H3NaO2 solutions exhibited decreases in diffusion permeability with solution concentration. There was a significant increase in diffusion permeability with temperature.

Features of feed concentration and temperature effects on membranes operation in electrodialysis systems – a review

Aug 1, 2021

Journal Journal of Physics: Conference Series

publisher IOP Publishing

DOI doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012178

Issue 1

Volume 1973

Electrodialysis (ED) is a significant method in saline water desalination and industrial wastewater treatment. Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are an important part of the electrodialysis process. An ion-exchange membrane is a semipermeable membrane that transports ions through an oppositely charged membrane and blocks the passage of a co-ion under an electric field. This review describes the effects of feed concentration and its operating temperature on different sides of IEMs in an electrodialysis system. The influence of feed solutions and temperature gradients on diffusion and osmatic membrane permeability was clarified. The distribution of feed concentration under thermostatic and thermodynamic conditions are also discussed. Temperature changes in ED systems may increase ion transport selectivity and charge separation efficiency. The rate of ions transport depends on the number of ions diffusion toward the membrane. To date, there are very few studies reporting diffusion and osmatic permeability of IEMs at high temperature.

Characteristics of the mk-40 and ma-40 membranes for industrial wastewater treatment–a review

Jan 5, 2021

Journal Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

DOI https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/132095

Issue 1

Volume 22

Industrial application of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) for saline water desalination is widely used. In this review, two kinds of IEMs were targeted and focused on: cation-exchange membrane (MK-40) and anion-exchange membrane (MA-40). The characteristics of ion-exchange capacity, structural water content, electrical conductivity and diffusion permeability of counter ions and co-ions, as well as the properties in diffusion of alkaline media were reviewed. IEMs are anionic or cationic fixed exchange groups; the diffusion flows of the two IEMs are scarcely impacted by the kind of an ion selective membrane, as well as of the concentration dependence. The salt diffusion coefficient increases alongside the water content in the membrane, whereas the electrical conductivity increases along with the ion exchange capacity (IEC). In addition, the permeability of the charged polymer increases along with the salt concentration, while for the uncharged polymer it decreases. Thus, the methods and formulas for determining the salt diffusion coefficient and osmotic permeability were studied. Evidently, the differences in the microstructure between membranes will significantly affect the permeability of salt transport in IEMs.

APPLICATION OF ELECTRODIALYSIS IN TREATMENT OF MINERAL SALTS OF PIGMENT INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

Feb 5, 2020

DOI https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=LbE1yv0AAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=LbE1yv0AAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC

This paper presents a critical review on electrodialysis (ED) applications in treatment of mineral salts of pigment industrial wastewater. Salts within pigment wastewater constituents can be presented as different sources such as sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium carbonate. Sodium chloride is usually a higher concentration of pigment wastewater effluents. ED is a membrane separation process under the action of an electric field, in which ions are selectively transported through ion-exchange membranes. High separation efficiency, selectivity of membrane, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for salts treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED is proposed as an economical and efficient method for treating salt wastewater

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRODIALYSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

Feb 2, 2020

Journal Вестник технологического университета

DOI https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=LbE1yv0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=LbE1yv0AAAAJ:eQOLeE2rZwMC

Issue 7

Volume 23

The process of electrodialysis (ED) is currently widely used in the production of drinking water, water treatment in in dustrial enterprises, and demineralization of industrial solutions. The main application of ED is a water desalination, however, other areas are becoming increasingly important: the processing of whey, the purification of vitamins and enzymes, the production of acids and alkalis. The ED process is widely used in waste water treatment technologies of various industries, which allows to reduce waste water pollution and to return some of the reagents to production. Industrial wastewater contains various anions and cations, as well as organic substances and suspensions. In order to determine the efficiency of ED, the influence of various operating parameters of the process and the characteristics of the ED apparatus were considered: applied voltage, flow rate of the treated solution, operating mode of the apparatus, geometry of the chamber cells, as well as membrane properties. It is noted that when designing of an ED unit, one should take into account the membrane area, current efficiency, ohmic resistance and voltage drop across the cell, as well as the rate of demineralization. The main negative phenomenon during the process is precipitation caused by pollutants, including organic substances, metal hydroxides, colloids and biomass, in the internal structure or on the outer surface of the membrane, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the separation process and to an increase in energy consumption. The formation of sediment leads to an increase in the resistance and to a decrease in the selectivity of the membranes. The main capital costs of an ED plant are the costs of ion exchange membranes, as well as operating costs that affect the total cost of the plant.