Hot Water Treatments in The Production of Healthy Vine Saplings

Dec 8, 2024

Journal Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology

publisher Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology

DOI https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12is1.2180-2195.7110

Issue 2180-2195

Volume 12(s1)

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) include Esca syndrome (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium oleophilum, Botryosphaeria spp., Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola, Cylindrocarpon spp.), Petri disease (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium spp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Pleurostoma richardsiae), Blackfoot (Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Campylocarpon, Cylindrocladiella and Neonectria), Botryosphaeriae dieback (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum and Botryosphaeria dothidea), Eutypa dieback (Eutypa lata and Diatrypaceae spp.), Phomopsis dieback (Phomopsis viticola). GTD infections cause the death of grapevines in the short or long term. On a global scale, it has been considered the most devastating disease of grapevines for the last thirty years, as it affects the sustainability of viticulture and spreads rapidly in all wine-growing countries. Hot water treatment (HWT), agricultural chemicals and disinfectants are used to control GTD. Young vines, dormant bud or rootstock cuttings, rooted or grafted rooted vine seedlings and Vitis vinifera L. cultivars may show varying levels of sensitivity to HWT. This sensitivity may be affected by the seasonal temperatures in which the cuttings or saplings are growing and the temperature range to be treated may vary according to the pathogens to be controlled. HWTs (45-54°C for 30-45 minutes) are recommended at varying intervals depending on the variety to suppress GTD in vine cuttings. HWT is an effective control method for phylloxera, nematode and phytoplasma pathogens that may be transmitted by grapevine propagation materials. A quality grapevine sapling should be healthy, true name, have a good plant form, be well united, be free from viruses and pathogens and not be exposed to environmental stress. In this review, a summary of HWT studies used in the control of pathogenic bacterial, fungal, nematode, phytoplasma and phylloxera infections of grapevine propagation materials is presented.

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Pollen Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid Grape Cultivars

Aug 17, 2024

publisher Global Journal of Fertility and Research

DOI 10.17352/gjfr.000025

Issue 001-007

Volume 9(1)

For a successful grapevine breeding program, pollen viability, germination ability, and cultivar compatibility information are of vital importance. In this study, pollen viability, germination rates, pollen tube lengths, and pollen tube diameters of three grape cultivars [Kyoho (4n), Ekşi Kara (2n), and Gök Üzüm (2n)] were investigated. Pollen viability rates were determined using the IKI (iodine potassium iodide) staining test. In vitro, pollen germination rates were determined using a semi-solid medium containing 20% ​​sucrose and 1% agar. As a result, significant differences were detected in pollen viability, germination rates, and pollen tube lengths of the examined grape cultivars. The first germination started at the 48th hour in all three grape cultivars. In cv. Ekşi Kara had the highest pollen viability while the lowest (3.05%) value in terms of pollen germination was determined. Pollen tube length and pollen tube diameter of the cv. Kyoho had higher values ​​than the other two diploid cultivars. Pollen tube formation started in the first 48th hours, while pollen tube growth continued to increase until the 96th hours. As a result, it was confirmed that the flower structure of the cv. Ekşi Kara was functionally female. In suitable ecologies, diploid cv. Gök Üzüm and tetraploid cv. Kyoho were found to be usable as pollinators.

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The Effects of Malch Applications on the Seedling Quality of 110R and Fercal Grape Rootstocks

Aug 20, 2020

Journal Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences

publisher Dergi Park Akademik

DOI 10.15316/SJAFS.2020.211

Issue 162–168

Volume 34 (2)

Viticulture, in Turkey as well as all over the world is one of the most important agricultural activities as socio-economic issues. Significant quantities of high-quality grapevine seedlings are needed to maintain and improve the current state of viticulture at national and global levels. Soil cultivation, irrigation and plant protection activities in the sapling production process not only increase the production cost, but also affect the yield and quality of the seedlings. In this study, mulch applications (Black plastic BP, Black plastic jute PJ, Biodegradable plastic BD, Wheat stalk OM and Control) of 110R and Fercal grape rootstocks obtained from the Sub-Union of Sapling Producers, from standard graftable quality virus free cuttings, in open area conditions was done. Effects of applications on seedling yield and quality (soil temperature (°C), leaf temperature (°C), stomatal conductivity (mmol m-2 s-1), leaf chlorophyll content (spad value), leaf area (cm2), leaf number (pieces), leaf weight (g), shoot length (cm), shoot diameter (mm), pruning residue weight (g), shoot development level (0-4 scale), root numbers (pieces) and diameter (mm), root fresh and dry weight (g), root growth level (0-4 scale) and seedling efficiency (%) were examined. While mulch applications in general provided improvement in all parameters examined, the efficiency varied according to grapevine rootstocks and examined properties. In terms of seedling efficiency, BP application in Fercal rootstock and BD application in 110R rootstock were most effective. According to the data obtained from this study, the positive effects of BP and BB, PJ and OM mulch applications were determined in the production of grape rootstock seedlings in open areas and especially in areas where the relative humidity was very low.

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