Publications
Biochemical Changes and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Genes in Poultry Fed Garlic-Supplemented Diets
Oct 9, 2025Journal International Journal of Insect and Animal Diversity Research
Publisher Ghassan Fathi Mohammed
DOI https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJIADR.2025.1.5.29-36
Issue 05
Volume 01
This article reviews the positive effects of adding garlic to poultry feed on biochemical changes and the gene expression of antioxidant genes. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) shows a remarkable ability to enhance the antioxidant status in poultry by increasing the expression of key antioxidant genes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). These genes neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain oxidative balance in cells, reducing oxidative stress and limiting damage to biomolecules such as lipids and proteins. The article reviews the possible mechanisms for this effect, which are attributed to the biologically active compounds in garlic, especially organic sulfur compounds such as allicin, which act as direct antioxidants or stimulate the body's own antioxidant defense system. It also discusses experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) confirming that garlic-supplemented nutrition improves performance indicators, promotes gut health, and supports the immune system. Finally, the paper provides practical recommendations regarding feed formulation and determining the optimal garlic dosage (e.g., 0.5 to 1 g/kg feed) to achieve maximum benefit without negative effects. It is concluded that incorporating garlic into poultry feed is a promising nutritional strategy for improving health and productivity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system at the genetic and biochemical levels.
Effect of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) on the biochemical profile of blood serum and insulin levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Oct 2, 2025Journal Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems
Publisher Ghassan Fathi Mohammed
DOI https://mjl.clarivate.com://search-results?issn=2519-8521&hide_exact_match_fl=true&utm_source=mjl&utm_medium=share-by-link&utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal
Issue 16
Volume 01
Safflower or Carthamus tinctorius L. has found clinical applications in treatment of certain diseases which involve inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to detect the ameliorative effects of safflower on alloxan -induced tissue injury. To do so, serum samples were collected from rats exposed to alloxan (120 mg/kg/day) and a combination of alloxan and safflower extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/day). All three experimental groups were compared to the control group. The collected serum was analysed for measurement of fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum insulin level, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Safflower significantly reduced the alloxan induced increase in FSG, TG, TC, AST, ALT, and ALP. Moreover, safflower significantly reversed the alloxan induced reduction in serum insulin. Interestingly, the greater the increase in safflower dose (100 versus 200 mg/kg/day), the better the outcomes of the measured parameters. Alloxan significantly induced pancreatic and liver injury, indicated by elevated glycemic and lipid profile alongside elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP). These defects were significantly ameliorated by safflower extract in dose dependent manner.
Biochemical and Histological Changes in the Liver and Kidneys of Rats Treated with Natural Antioxidant Nanoparticles
Aug 9, 2025Journal International Journal of Insect and Animal Diversity Research
Publisher Ghassan Fathi Mohammed
DOI https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJIADR.2025.1.5.21-28
Issue 05
Volume 01
Natural antioxidant nanoparticles have gained significant interest due to their potent antioxidative properties and potential biomedical applications. This review comprehensively examines the biochemical and histological alterations in the liver and kidneys of rats following treatment with various natural antioxidant nanoparticles. The study highlights that oral administration of these nanoparticles significantly influences liver enzyme activities (such as ALT, AST, ALP), oxidative stress markers (including SOD, catalase, GSH, and lipid peroxidation products like MDA), and renal function parameters (e.g., creatinine, urea, electrolytes). Histopathological assessments reveal dose-dependent changes in hepatic and renal tissues, including hepatocellular injury, cytoplasmic vacuolization, glomerular shrinkage, tubular dilation, and inflammatory infiltration. Notably, certain nanoparticles, such as silver-based ones, demonstrate protective effects against toxicity induced by other nanoparticles like gold or cerium oxide. The findings underscore the dual role of natural antioxidant nanoparticles, which can confer antioxidative benefits while potentially inducing organ damage at higher doses. Therefore, thorough toxicological evaluations and regulatory considerations are essential to ensure the safe clinical and commercial application of these nanomaterials.