2nd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES (2nd ICSDT 2025)

Apr 28, 2025 - Apr 29, 2025

Publisher (2nd ICSDT 2025)

DOI https://ntu.edu.iq/icsdt2025/

Country Turkey

Location Alanya, Turkey

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cooling techniques for photovoltaic panels (PV) in enhancing their performance, especially in high-temperature regions such as Iraq. Therefore, two water-based cooling systems were implemented: first, a closed-loop cooling system (CLCS), and second, an open-loop cooling system (OLCS). Both systems were examined with a reference working condition using an uncooled solar panel, which was incorporated as a standard condition alongside the proposed systems. The performance of two cooling systems was assessed under the same weather conditions and a WFR range of 1-3 LPM. The experiments were carried out in Al-Shirqat City, Iraq (35.29°N, 43.45°E, 153 m), where the panels were installed at a tilt angle of 44° relative to the horizontal and pointed due south. The performance of all PV panels, represented by electrical efficiency (EF), panel surface temperature (PST), and electrical power production (EPP), was evaluated during three tested days from 25 to 27 September 2024. The results showed that the uncooled panel temperature reached 61°C at noon with an EF of approximately 9.6% along the three tested days. In comparison, the CLCS showed improved efficiency, recording 10.2% on September 25, 10.6% on September 26, and 11.9% on September 27. In contrast, the open system outperformed the closed system, achieving efficiencies of 11.1% on September 25, 11.5% on September 26, and 12.2% on September 27. The results confirmed that water cooling, especially in the open system, enhances EF, making it an effective option for increasing solar energy production in hot environments.

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3 rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY (ICRE 2025)

Apr 20, 2025 - Apr 21, 2025

Publisher ICRE2025

DOI https://icre2025-ntu.net/

Country Iraq

Location Grand Millennium Hotel Sulaimani, Iraq

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly being utilized to reduce carbon emissions worldwide, but using PV panels can reduce their power production and limit their lifespan, especially in hot climates. As a result, the PV panels in Iraq are exposed to high temperatures, especially in the summer, which lowers their electrical efficiency (EF), thermal efficiency (TF), and power production. Therefore, to enhance the performance of PV panels installed in hot and arid areas such as Al-Sharqat City, Iraq, two water-based cooling systems were implemented: one is a cooling system using nozzles (water sprays) on the back side of the PV panel, and the other is an open-loop cooling system (OLCS) using a network of copper pipes along the back side of the PV panel. Both systems were tested with a reference working condition using an uncooled solar panel, which was incorporated as a standard case along with the proposed systems. All panels were installed in Al-Sharqat city, Iraq (35.29° latitude, 43.45° longitude, 153 m above sea level), with a tilt angle of 44° relative to the horizontal and oriented towards the south (zero azimuth angle). The two cooling systems' performance was assessed over two days on September 17 and 20, 2024, under the same weather conditions and water flow rate range (WFR) of 1-3 LPM. Data on solar radiation, panel surface temperature, EF, TF, and power output were gathered for all panels during the two tested days. The results showed that the surface temperature for the uncooled PV modules reached 60 oC at noon on September 17 and 20, with an EF of 8.8% and a power output of 32.8 W. For the nozzle cooling system (NCS), the results exhibited a drop in PV module surface temperature to 34 oC at WFR of 1 LPM, accompanied by an increase of 11.2% in EF and 42 W in power output, achieving a 27.3% enhancement in EF and a 28% augmentation in power output. Furthermore, the results indicated that at WFR of 3 LPM, the PV module surface temperature decreased to 29.5 oC, accompanied by an increase of 12.2% in EF and 45.5 W in power output, with an enhancement of 35.5% in EF and 34% power output. In contrast, for the OLCS, the results indicated the PV module surface temperature decreased to 44 oC at a WFR of 1 LPM, accompanied by an increase of 9.8% in EF and 37 W in power output, with enhancements of 11.4% in EF and 12.8% in power output. As well, the results indicated that at WFR of 3 LPM, the PV module surface temperature decreased to 40 oC, accompanied by an increase of 10.7% in EF and 40.2 W in power output, alongside an enhancement of 18.9% in EF and 19.2% in power output. The findings indicate that water cooling solutions markedly improve EF, TF, and power production of solar panels in elevated temperature situations. From the above, it is clear that the NCS demonstrated superior performance, with the greatest enhancement in efficiency and power production relative to the OLCS system.

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