Plasmid-Encoded Beta-Lactamase Production in Escherichia coli Isolated from River and Aquaculture Fish in Kirkuk, Iraq

Aug 19, 2025

Journal Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries

DOI 10.21608/ejabf.2025.448217

Issue 4

Volume 29

This study aimed to investigate the presence of plasmid-encoded betalactamase enzymes in Escherichia coli isolated from fish sourced from rivers and private aquaculture ponds in Kirkuk, Iraq. Fifty samples (25 from each source) were collected and analyzed using morphological, biochemical, and API 20E identification methods. Beta-lactamase production was found in 12% of river isolates and 24% of pond isolates. Plasmid extraction and curing were performed using alkaline lysis and SDS treatment. The findings demonstrated that most isolates lost their betalactamase activity after plasmid curing, suggesting that the resistance genes were plasmid-borne. This research highlights the potential health risks associated with antibiotic resistance in aquaculture environments.

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Identification of Candida Species in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kirkuk City-Iraq

Aug 5, 2025

Journal CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DOI https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v6i4.2889

Issue 4

Volume 6

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more prone to Candida infections due to high blood sugar and weakened immunity. While Candida albicans is common, other species are increasingly seen. Identifying these species is important for proper treatment and infection control. The present study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital in the city of Kirkuk. A total of 100 oral swabs were collected from patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between November 21, 2021, and March 21, 2022. Samples from individuals who were smokers or suffered from hypertension or other chronic conditions were excluded from the study. The final sample included 50 males and 50 females, with ages ranging between 30 and 60 years. Diabetes was confirmed by hospital physicians prior to sample collection. Direct microscopic examination revealed positive findings in 41 male patients (82%) and 46 female patients (92%). Three Candida species were identified using biochemical tests and culturing on Chrom Agar Candida medium. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species, accounting for 59 isolates (73.75%), followed by Candida glabrata with 13 isolates (16.25%), and Candida dubliniensis with 8 isolates (10%).

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Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burned-Wounded Patients

Jul 31, 2025

Journal CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DOI https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v6i4.2884

Issue 4

Volume 6

Burns are the leading cause of death globally and the most severe type of trauma. resistant to methicillin One of the most prevalent bacteria associated with burn wound infections is Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); nevertheless, antibiotic resistance in these strains has complicated therapy. Biofilm generation, a virulence factor that enhances antibiotic resistance, is the cause of treatment failure and recurrent staphylococcal infections in burn patients. In the current research, 50 samples were collected from burn and wound patients hospitalized to various hospitals in Erbil city. Thirty S. aureus isolates were identified using culture, morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, and Vitek's two compact methods. S. aureus generated yellow pigments on mannitol salt agar. S. aureus isolates were treated with several distinct antibiotics. the majority of isolates shown strong resistance to Ampicillin 100%, Ceftazidime 100%, Cefotaxime 100%, and Amikacin 6.6%. All S. aureus isolates were examined for biofilm production, and 71% of them produced robust biofilms. Impenem was the most efficacious antimicrobial drug against all S. aureus isolates.

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Evaluation of the level of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetic patients with Candida sp.

Apr 6, 2022

Journal HIV Nursing

DOI 10.13140/RG.2.2.28441.89442

Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes is a serious and chronic disease prevalent in the world, so the current study was designed to reveal the role caused by the cumulative high level of glucose in the blood and to study some immunological variables and blood tests in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: the study included 57 patients and they were divided into two groups based on the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, the first group included (diabetes typeII patients with have oral candidiasis ,HbA1C ≥7) and the second group included (diabetes typeII with don’t have oral candidiasis ,HbA1C ≥7) while the third group included the healthy group It included 31 individuals, Their ages range between 20-60 years, all patient samples that were taken had a glycated hemoglobin percentage of more than 7. People suffering from chronic diseases such as pressure, heart disease, cancer and immunodeficiency were exclude. Result: In type 2 diabetic patients with have Candida and with dont have Candida, elevated IL-6, CRP and elevated WBCs were observed in type 2 diabetic patients with Candida, while LYM was elevated in type 2 diabetic patients without Candida. Conclusion: it was concluded from the study that high blood sugar level and lack of control causes a decrease in the body’s immunity and therefore causes severe inflammatory cases, as well as the appearance of oral candidiasis in abundance as a result of weak immunity.

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