Publications
Rutting Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Created Using Both Traditional Superpave Procedure and Bailey Techniques
Sep 28, 2025Journal Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences
DOI https://doi.org/10.29194/NJES.28030336
Issue No. 3 (2025)
Volume Vol. 28
The present investigation looked at whether the Bailey approach to aggregate gradation could be used to construct Superpave HMA blends. It also looked at how this approach influenced the rutting performance associated with these mixes and compared it to mixes of asphalt created by Superpave gradations. The current research included four aggregate gradations: both fine and coarse gradations for the Superpave and Bailey gradation procedures. The repeated loading test was utilized to assess the rutting performance. The findings indicated that temperature, stress level, and aggregate gradation all had a significant impact on rutting performance. In contrast to the other three gradations, the third mixture gradation exhibited the least amount of non-reversible deformation. It translates to pavement that is more resistant to rutting and less susceptible to it.
Aspects influencing the rutting distress in flexible pavements: Review article Available to Purchase
Nov 29, 2024Journal AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236235
Rutting in asphalt pavement, among the most prevalent roadway distresses, is a serious safety problem for transportation authorities. It is mostly caused by a growth in the total number of cars, particularly those with high axle weights, environmental factors, and mistakes in the building and design processes. As a result, the lifespan of pavement made of asphalt will be shortened. According to reports, repairing rutted asphalt pavement costs millions of dollars each year. Enhance the lifespan of the roadway and save money on upkeep and rehabilitation can be done by conducting research into better hot-mix asphalt materials, mix designs, and pavement evaluation and design procedures. The review article attempts to draw attention to various kinds of flexible pavement rutting, pavement rutting mechanisms, and asphalt pavement rutting aspects. It was found that the instability rutting typically results from high temperatures and high wheel loads, as well as from inadequate shear strength or a lack of total voids in the HMA layer, which puts additional strain on the asphalt mixtures closest to the pavement’s surface. while improper compaction after placing the bound or unbound layers or an excessive amount of air voids are the main causes of structural rutting. Surface Wear Rutting is caused by high traffic volumes, the use of studded tires, insufficient compaction, and the poor durability of the asphalt mix. In addition, environmental factors including temperature and moisture may cause the deterioration of asphalt in the top layer of the flexible pavement.
Evaluation of air quality index (AQI) and health impact in Khanaqin Region, Iraq
Nov 19, 2024Journal AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236236
Data from four monitoring sites in the Khanaqin Region of Iraq for the years 2018 to 2021 were studied. This data included total suspended particles, O3, SO2, NO, NO2, and CO. Therefore, a calculation of the monthly quality indices using the US EPA and UK methods is done. The entire air contaminants (excluding carbon monoxide) varied between both the high and low levels set by Iraqi and international regulations, considering the fact that most air pollutant concentrations in the Khanaqin District have been gradually declining in the past few years, they often appear greater than natural air quality. The findings demonstrate that the TSP average for the years 2019 to 2021 was extremely high, raising concerns for the people of Khanaqin. The study's findings indicate that the area's main contributors to (Sulfur dioxide / Carbon monoxide) concentration ratios, with a value below one are vehicle emissions into the atmosphere. In comparison to other seasons, it has been found that summer has the highest quantities of the majority of contaminants. Traffic volume, home generators, and atmospheric chemical processes are all associated with the highest quantities of pollutants. API and AQI indexes provide for an extra evaluation of the conditions of air quality in addition to single air pollutant requirements. When using the UK method, low pollution is assumed with all contaminants except TSP.
Measuring and Evaluating Drinking Water Characteristics for Some Residential Neighborhoods in Kirkuk City, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Jun 1, 2023Journal Scientific Research Journal of Engineering and Computer Sciences
Removal of Humic Substances from Drinking Water by Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, and Nanofiltration membranes
Mar 11, 2023Journal Eurasian Journal of Engineering and Technology
In this research, three types of flat sheet membranes were fabricated from polysulfone and N, N diamthelyformamide (DMF) by using wet phase inversion method. Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The mean pore size diameter of these membranes were calculated which are (0.2 µm, 10 nm and 0.1nm) respectively. The efficiency of membranes was examined to remove humic acid (HA) from synthetic water containing different concentration (3,6,8, and 10 mg/L), and their performances were compared. UV254nm absorbance was used to determine the % of HA compounds eliminated from permeates and retentate samples. To analyze the flux decay and biofouling induced by organic matter, three samples of each membrane were tested using a cross flow filtering system with a single flat sheet membrane. Filtration test of synthetic water containing 8mg/L HA shows removal efficiency 100% for nanofiltration membrane, while ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes shows removal efficiency 88% and 15% respectively. However, the NF membrane removed 100% of HA and their good efficiency for removing conductivity and turbidity (90, 75%) respectively, but UF membrane is seem to be more convenient from practical point of view, due to their good rejection of HA and turbidity (88% and 70%)) respectively in addition, their good recovery of flux after back washing (88%). The most draw back against NF membrane are their high cost, and high pressure required for operation. Also NF removed the hardness from the water, which are important in proper drinking water quality
Remediation of clayey soil contaminated with nickel nitrate using enhanced Electro-Kinetics process and study the geotechnical properties of the remediated soil samples
Feb 6, 2021DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.572
This paper explains the removal efficiency of nickel contamination soil, using electro-reclamation process, that enhanced by absorption method and the impact of this method to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of silty clay soil (CH). The soil samples are artificially contaminated, where salt of nickel nitrate was added to intact soil with 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg. The mixture kept in plastic container for 30 d. Soil samples were remediated using electro kinetics method to study the efficiency of this method to extract nickel from soil and the impact of activated carbon to prevent the reverse flow of electro osmosis. 0.1 M NaOH with distilled water were used as a purging solution at mid and cathode compartment respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel metal tested by using atomic absorption device, it ranged between 31.3 and 43.2%. After that, many experimental laboratory tests were conducted to study the engineering properties of contaminated and remediated soil samples. Remediation process lead to increase the percentage of clay, Atterberg limit (LL and PL), cohesion of soil (c) and lead to decrease sand and silt content of soil.
Monitoring and assessment the covariance of suspended particulates concentration levels over Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Feb 29, 2020Journal Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Due to the health effects of suspended particulates matter in the air as well as consider a major concern for many of the major cities in Iraq and all over the world, so this study was designed to monitor, mapping and assess the extent of variability in the levels of suspended particulate matter in the air of Kirkuk governorate using statistic and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method has applied for spatial spreading mapping of total suspended particulates at the study area. Also, the findings were aligned with Iraqi standards locally and the World Health Organization (WHO) International requirements. In addition, determine the most important factors contributing the increase of this pollution. The study was carried out by measuring the concentrations of suspended particulate matter in the air of Kirkuk governorate by relying on three fixed and main stations distributed over the Kirkuk governorate for a period of five years from January 2014 to January 2019. The annual concentration rate for 2014 at Layaln Station is 74.16 µg/m3 , 144.08 µg/m3 at the Taza station, while 229.15 µg/m3 at the Amal shaby station. The annual rate of concentration for particulate matter in the Layaln zone was within the specifications and determinants of Iraqi standards which identified by 150 µg/m3 throughout the study period. However, when the results were compared with WHO standards, the annual concentration rate for 2015 exceeds the allowable limits which identified by 60 µg/m3 to 90 µg/m3 . In Taza zone, we find that all annual concentrations were identical and within the limits allowed in the Iraqi specifications, however in 2014 and 2017 it exceeded the limits in the international WHO standards. While the zone of Amal shaby the measured annual rate exceeded both the Iraqi standards and WHO throughout the duration of the study except in 2018, the annual concentration rate of both Iraqi and international standards, all areas were within the limits permitted.
ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OVER BAGHDAD CITY USING FIXED ANNUAL STATIONS AND GIS TECHNIQUES
Dec 15, 2019Journal JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY
Baghdad, considered one of the most polluted and populated cities in Iraq, waschoosen for mapping the distribution of air pollutants and the overall pollution levels by using the ArcGIS techniques. Six of main observation stations werechoosen in a particular location. Then, the recorded data from these stations were spatially interpolated using two types of ArcGIS interpolation techniques. The spatial interpolation techniques used in this work were Inverse distance weighting (IDW) and fuzzy logic. This study includes measuring the main air pollutants, which were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and nitrogen monoxide (NO) during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The data recorded by the stations during the work period and the distribution maps of air pollutants, which resulted from spatial interpolation (IDW) method, showed that the concentration of NO2 was within the International limits of World Health Origination (WHO) which is about 0.11 ppm. SO2 concentrations were exceeding the WHO limits in all stations for the study area. The concentrations of CO ranged from 0.484 ppm to 7.027 ppm that were within acceptable limits of WHO standards that is 9 ppm. NOx concentrations ranged between 0.01506 ppm – 0.214 ppm, which were exceeding acceptable limits of WHO standards (0.01 ppm). The concentrations of NO did not exceed the WHO standard limits, which are 0.08 ppm. Finally, the fuzzsy logic method of spatial interpolation in ArcGIS was applied to evaluate the air pollution over Baghdad city.
Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Apr 15, 2019Journal Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences
DOI DOI: https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.Vol7.Iss1.110
The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.
Urban air quality evaluation over Kut city using field survey and Geomatic techniques
May 7, 2018Journal MATEC Web of Conferences
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816205023
Air pollution is caused by various sources such as cars exhaust, energy sources, petrol stations, industrial activities, and other sources. The aim of this study was to measure some air pollutants gases, representing the results by Arc GIS maps over AL-Kut city and finding the ways for reducing them. Twenty samples have been taken using Global Positioning System (GPS) for measuring the main air pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), total suspended particle (TSP), and particulate matters (PMs). The measurements were carried out by several specialized portable equipment at afive months starting from November 2015 to March 2016. The distribution maps resulted from ArcGIS 10.2, display that the highest concentrations of air pollutants were in the center and north of the study area. The highest concentrations of pollutants were in November and March, whereas lower concentrations observed during January period. The average monthly concentrations of (TSP) measured during the study period was (504.4 µg/m3, 359.5 µg/m3, 32.2 µg/m3, 324.8 µg/m3, and 392.45 µg/m3) from November 2015 to March 2016, these results were significantly higher than the permissible allowable limits of the Iraqi national (350 µg/m3) and international allowable limits (150 µg/m3), except for January is founded (32.2 µg/m3) within the acceptable limits due to heavy rainfall. the averages monthly concentrations of (CO), (6.567, 5.165, 4.08, 5.454 and 7.25 ppm) were lower than standards limits for five months, comparing with the Iraqi National limits (35 ppm) and WHO Limits (9 ppm). Pollutant concentrations such as (O3), were within acceptable limits of Iraqi and WHO limits at all period of study, while other air pollution gasses such as (SO2 and NO2), their concentrations over the study area were within the Iraqi national limits but slightly over the WHO limits.
APPLYING FIXED BOX MODEL TO PREDICT THE CONCENTRATIONS OF (PM10) IN A PART OF AL-KUT CITY, WASIT PROVINCE (IRAQ)
Apr 2, 2016Journal International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
This paper offers the applying of Fixed Box Model to predict the concentration of particulate matter of 10 micrometers (PM10) one of the air pollutants that most commonly affects people's health. The input parameters (area source capacity of PM10, wind speed, mixing height, size of area source) were estimated based on the area source emission inventory results including: road source, mobile source, construction source, industry source and household domestic source in a part of AL-Kut District. This emission inventory project was carried out during five months period from November 2015 to March 2016. The aim of this study was to present that fixed box model east-to-use for evaluating the presence of air pollution over AL-Kut city. The calculated results from the model were such closer to the results founded by using portable equipment for the study area.