Publications
Analyzing the Heat Treatment Flaws in Carbon Steel
Feb 1, 2025Journal Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis
Publisher International Publication
DOI 10.52783/cana.v32.4063
Issue 9
Volume 32
Heat treatments are considered as one of the most important topics that arise in the field of Mechanical Engineering, which aims to produce some new properties for the metal, in order to use in several industries. Through this research, the types of carbon steel were identified, which included three types with the percentage of carbon that ranges in it. It accompanies the heat treatment of carbon steel, through which we got acquainted with the defects that accompany the heat treatment process of the metal, and the types of heat treatments were discussed, and each type was detailed through it. The significance of heat treatment-which is required for the development of current metals-emerged in this study, and the shortcomings in the heat treatments of carbon steel were investigated.This investigation revealed certain flaws that had to be avoided in the thermal treatments of steel.
Designing Cantilever Models from Various Materials and Comparing Them When They are under Constant Load and Have Holes
Jun 1, 2024Journal Journal of Composite and Advanced Materials
Publisher SAGE Publications Ltd
DOI 10.18280/rcma.340312
Issue 3
Volume 34
The current research dealt with the system of cantilever beam, which has holes of various shapes on its surface, under the influence of direct external load. The design of the system control of four three-dimensional models consisting of steel and various composite materials was modeled and simulating by the use of ANSYS program, using finite element technology. The results of modeling in the ANSYS program using the finite element technique show that the values of the deflection in the models consisting of different composite materials increased by various percentages when compared to the model consisting of steel, with the model consisting of fiber class having the highest value. The displacements in these models also increase at rates almost similar to the percentage of deflections. According to the results, the various stresses that resulted from the steel model in the composite models were reduced by around a third, except for shear stress values, they increased in the composite material models, by more than a third compared to the shear stress in the steel model. The results of strains indicate an increase in the models composed of composite materials in different proportions, with the highest values (92.18%) in the model consisting of fiberglass. The results of the strains and stresses obtained at the seven points and distributed in order at the holes on the surface of the four models located in the path (A - A) most of the increments were at the third point, While the highest value of displacements was at the fifth and eighth points.
Stress Distribution in Cantilever Beams with Different Hole Shapes: A Numerical Analysis.
Dec 1, 2023Journal International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
Publisher International Information and Engineering Technology Association
DOI 10.18280/ijcmem.110402
Issue 4
Volume 11
The main duty of engineers is to guarantee that structures are both erect and adhere to codes, which proves their outstanding functionality and economic viability. In today's elastic materials, the von Mises stress values have to be verified when examining fatigue or failure. In the domains of heavy lifting, robotics, mechanical and offshore engineering, oil and gas engineering, and civil engineering, the Von Mises criteria are among the most often used benchmarks for assessing productivity conditions. In this study, seven I-beams models will be built, the first model without holes and the other six models with holes in various shapes (square, triangular, circular, hexagonal, and rectangular). The ANSYS program will be used to solve it using the finite element method. For the upper surface of these models, equal loads will be applied. The findings demonstrate that the shear stress values for the seven models were less than the shear stress values of the metal, which came to (370MPa), in line with the theory of maximum shear stress. With a value of (62.7MPa), the second-best model was the best. One of the most important conclusions when comparing the values of von Mess stresses with the von Mess theory of stress is that the third model (with rectangular openings) performed better than the other models when compared to the first model because its value was the same in both models (370MPa). The seventh model (hexagonal holes) had the lowest maximum value of stress intensity at 261MPa, per the results. being aware that this model weighs (70Kg) less than the first.
A comparative study on the use of laser beam and abrasive water jet in hole making process of woven laminated GFRP.
Aug 1, 2023Journal Materials Research Proceedings
Publisher Association of American poublisher
DOI 10.21741/9781644902592-23
Volume 31
In the manufacturing process, the designed part will be presented in a drawing with all dimensions normally given within a certain range of tolerances. The tolerance defines the limits of induced deviation for which allowance should be made in the design, and within which actual size is acceptable. In laser and abrasive water jet cutting, dimensional accuracy is one of the important parameters to define the quality of produced part. The aim of the present work is to compare experimentally the influence of cutting parameters on dimensional accuracy and strength of hole making in GFRP by using (LBM) and (AWJM) cutting technologies. Full factorial design was used as a statistical method to study the effects of control parameters on the response variables. The results show that abrasive water jet cutting gives a less out of roundness in cutting hole diameter, less reduction in strength and large difference between upper and lower diameter compared to the laser cutting technology of hole making in the type of the GFRP composite material used in the present work.
Developing a Work Roll Mode by Analyzing the Mechanism Influence Through Analytic Calculation
Jan 6, 2023Journal International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Publisher University of Zielona Gora
DOI 10.59441/ijame/172979
Issue 4
Volume 28
This paper presents a novel approach to developing a work roll prediction model that takes into account both the mechanism and condition influences on work roll wear. This was accomplished by conducting an analytic calculation of work roll mechanism influence, constructing a work roll wear model, and combining the wear mechanism with actual wear data. The resulting model is applicable to both symmetric and asymmetric wear of the work roll, and experimental results showed that the relative error between measured and predicted values was less than 5%, with a maximum error of below 15%. This level of accuracy is sufficient for predicting roll wear and lays the foundation for improved strip shape control and roll design. Furthermore, this approach has the potential to generate significant economic benefits and has wide-ranging applications.
A review Study on Non-Traditional Machining of Composite Materials.
Jan 1, 2023Journal International Journal of Science and Research
Publisher International Journal of Science and Research
DOI 10.21275/23197064
Issue 11
Volume 12
Recently, composite materials have replaced metals as the material of choice in many industrial industries due to their advantages of higher strength at lower weights. In comparison to metals, they exhibit better impact qualities, and they also have good damping capabilities, which help to lessen noise and vibration. These characteristics make composite materials ideal for a variety of industrial applications, including tennis rackets, golf clubs, airplanes, and vehicles. Because these materials have anisotropic and non-homogeneous structures, machining them is challenging. The current work comprises a review that focuses on atypical processing of composite materials, such as metallic matrix and ceramic matrix composites, as well as unconventional processing of glass-and carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, to lessen or eliminate the separation problem.
Mathematical Model for the Temperature Distribution on the Surface of Two Aluminum Alloys Welded by Friction Stir Welding
Dec 6, 2022Journal Welding Equipment and Technology
Publisher Galati University Press
DOI 10.35219/awet.2022.04
Issue 1
Volume 22
The aim of this study was to know the temperatures on all surfaces of three-dimensional models using the ANSYS 15.0 program, first to know the temperatures from the welding centre to the edges of the models, of two aluminium alloys are (AA-7075 & AA-2024) welded together by friction stir welding methods. Secondly, the distribution of temperatures from the starting of the welding process to its end, and the derivation of equations to predict the distribution of temperatures with the time spent in the welding process, and the distribution of temperatures with the distance from the centre of the welding process. At different travel speeds of the welding cart (TS = 20, 40, 60, 100 mm/s) and different speeds of the welding tool (TRS = 900, 1050,1200 rps). The results indicate that the temperature increases with the increase in the rotation speed of the welding tool, while the temperature decreases with the increase in the travel speed of the welding cart. Another result is that the temperature distribution is not symmetrical, where the highest values are in the welding centre and decrease significantly as the welding centre is moved away, and the highest temperatures can be reached between (75 – 80 %) in the welding centre from the melting point of the two aluminium alloys welded together. It was also found that the temperatures increase significantly after the twenty-second from the beginning of the welding process and after that the increase is small, and three equations were derived to predict the temperature distribution.
Study the Machining Accuracy in Hole Reaming of Medium Carbon Steel Using Ultrasonic Vibration Method
Dec 6, 2021Journal Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés
Publisher International Information and Engineering Technology Association
DOI 10.18280/jesa.550412
Issue 4
Volume 65
The ultrasonic vibration reaming (UVR) cutting process is one types of non-Conventional machining process which was tested in this study to show whether its effective method or not. In this process, the tool is imposed on ultrasonic wave to produce vibration along the host cutting movement direction, formed the separation type of vibration process affected by waveform of pulse force. The effect of cutting speed, feed and ream allowance upon the surface roughness and circular degree in reaming a hole of C45 steel were studied in this paper. The results show that the surface quality and machining accuracy of the hole have been improved by using the technology of the present study. At the same time, the cutting force and cutting temperature has reduced correspondingly. In conclusion, it was noticed that the (UVR) is effective cutting techniques for high-precision "thin-hole" machining of the material under this study with respect to the conventional reaming process.
Experimental Study of a Dry Sliding Wear for a Different Materials Using Pin on Disc Apparatus
Feb 1, 2021Journal Materials Science Forum
Publisher Trans publications ltd .
DOI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1021.78
Issue 78-86
Volume 1021
In the present work, an experimental investigation has been made of a dry sliding wear rate for aluminum, aluminum alloy (Al-Fe-V-Si), bronze, stainless steel 304 and structural steel ASTM A36, using a pin-on-disk apparatus under the effect of sliding speed and time at constant load. The materials were tested on two types of sand papers of grit designation 24 and 36. The applied load was equal to 2500 grams and the same load was used for all of the pins that were tested. The relative wear was indicated by the loss in length and loss in mass. The results show that the wear rate will directly proportional with sliding speed and time, and the stainless steel has less wear rate than the other materials.
Study The Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Welded Joints for Weldox 700MC High Strength Steel
Dec 28, 2018Journal International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology
Publisher IAEME Publication
Issue 9
Volume 9
A numerical approach for solving problems in robotic arm movement
Jun 24, 2018Journal Production and Manufacturing Research
Publisher Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2018.1525326
Issue 1
Volume 6
Mechanical robotic arm control problems are examined in the numerical solutions for the second order system with the R.Kutta algorithms. The dynamics of a robotic arm be able to designated by a set of combined non-linear equations in the formula of coriolis, centrifugal effects and gravitational torques. This investigation attempted to minimize the error of an industrial robotic arm, which improves production systems. Results of comparisons illustrate the effectiveness of the numerical integrating algorithm based on the actual joint velocities and positions with each instant of time between the exact and numerical solutions. The obtained tables of data help to analyze the variation in the velocity and position joints at different time. The numerical results obtained by R.kutta -techniques perfectly match with the exact velocities. Depending on the relative error calculated at the obtained tables of results to reach the required motion of the mechanical robot arm.
A statistical Approach for Finding Influential Factors in Respect of Energy Consuming in a Car Passenger
Jan 6, 2018Journal MATECA Web of Conferences
Publisher EDP Sciences
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821304002
Issue 11
Volume 213
Nowadays the usage of gasoline as an energy resource is one of the most important subjects in the engineering field. A car is one type of energy consumer. Energy is used to build the cars and to running it. The fuel prices are fluctuate, so it seems sensible to explore every avenue towards saving energy in cars making. and study the factors that affect its consumption. The aim of the present work is to explain theoretically the calculation of fuel saving and cost in a car passengers in a greater detail than it has been done before and to describe statistically the affecting factors upon it. A statistical analysis has been used to study the influence of the weight and acceleration of the car upon the fuel consumption. It was shown that the fuel consumption increases linearly with the increase of a car weight and accordingly, the cost per unit travel of the car will increase.
Investigating the impact of tool inertia on machinability of a β-titanium alloy using tool deflection and acoustic emission
Jan 5, 2018Journal Proceeding Journal of Mechanical Engineering Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacturing
Publisher SAGE Publications Inc.
Volume 1-16
Design & Manufacturing of Pin- on- Disc Wear Testing Apparatus
Jun 1, 2017Journal Kirkuk University Journal Scientific Studies
Publisher Kirkuk University
DOI 10.32894/kujss.2017.132385
Issue 4
Volume 12
The present work is about a design and manufacturing process of a pin-on-disk apparatus which is used as a test method for determining the wear of any two sliding materials. The aim of this paper is to give an information about the design and manufacturing procedure of pin-on-disk apparatus and to discuss the problems of design and manufacturing process. It also gives information about wear testing process. The work concludes the experimental results of the wear testing that have been performed by using the pin-on-disk apparatus and how to deal with the problems encountered during the design and manufacturing process.
A review Study on The Traditional Machining of Composite Materials
Jan 5, 2017Journal Journal of Research Update in Polymer Science
Publisher Lifescience Global
DOI 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.4
Issue 4
Volume 6
Composite materials are widely used materials in many industrial applications due to their superior properties. Machining of composite materials is difficult to carry out due to the anisotropic and non-homogeneous structures of composites and are mostly prepared in laminate form before undergoing the machining process. Machining of these materials is inevitable although they are manufactured to near net shape. This becomes more important when new product designs and shapes poses tougher dimensional and performance constraints like surface finish, dimensional tolerances & material removal rate etc. Thus many researchers in the past have attempted to study the machining of composite materials to know the effect of various process parameters upon the quality of machining characteristics. In this paper an overview of the various issues involved in the machining of the main types of composite materials is presented. Literature review reveals that current research focuses on the non-traditional machining of metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites and also on the traditional machining of glass fiber reinforced plastics and carbon fiber reinforced plastics to reduce or eliminate the problem of delamination and dimensional accuracy.
Cut Quality and Strength Evaluation in Hole Making of GFRP Composite Using Laser Beam Cutting Technology
Jan 5, 2015Journal Lasers in Engineering
Publisher Old City Publishing
Issue 1-2
Volume 31
essential in the assembly of the structural frames of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP). Laser beam machining has been used in industry for such purposes. This technology has procured many overlapping applications and as the life of the joint in the assembled structure can be critically affected by the quality of the holes, it is thus important for the industry to understand the application of laser cutting process on the GFRP composite. The aim of the present work is to assess the influence of laser beam machining parameters on the hole making process of woven laminated GFRP material. Statistical approach was used to understand the effects of the control parameters on the response variables. The result shows that cutting feed, laser power, stand-off distance and assist gas flow rate are influential parameters upon the response variables of the laser cutting process of GFRP composite.
Numerical optimization of hole making in GFRP composite using abrasive water jet machining process
Jan 5, 2015Journal Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers
Publisher Chinese Institute of Engineers
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2014.953240
Issue 1
Volume 38
Machining of composite materials for the production of bolt holes is essential in the assembly of the structural frames in many industrial applications of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP). Abrasive water jet cutting technology has been used in industry for such purposes. This technology has procured many overlapping applications and as the life of the joint in the assembled structure can be critically affected by the quality of the holes, so it is important for the industry to understand the application of the abrasive water jet cutting process on GFRP composite materials. The aim of the present work is to assess the influence of abrasive water jet machining parameters on the hole making process of woven-laminated GFRP material and to find the optimum values of the process parameters. Statistical approach was used to understand the effects of the predicted variables on the response variables. Analysis of variance was performed to isolate the effects of the parameters affecting the hole making in abrasive water jet cutting. The results show that the optimum values of cutting feed, fiber density, water jet pressure, standoff distance, and abrasive flow rate upon the response variables are 0.3 m/min, 0.82 g/cm3, 150 MPa, 2 mm, and 100 g/min, respectively
Dimensional accuracy and strength comparison in hole making of GFRP composite using Co2 laser and abrasive water jet technologies
Apr 1, 2014Journal Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Science
Publisher National institute Communication Policy
Volume 21
The dimensional accuracy and strength of a part is of critical importance in the manufacturing industry, especially for precision assembly operation. In the manufacturing process, the designed part will be presented in a drawing with all dimensions normally given within a certain range of tolerances. The tolerance defines the limits of induced deviation for which allowance should be made in the design, and within which actual size is acceptable. In laser and abrasive water jet cutting, dimensional accuracy is one of the important parameters to define the quality of produced part. The aim of the present work is to compare experimentally the influence of cutting parameters on dimensional accuracy and strength of hole making in GFRP by using laser beam and abrasive water jet cutting technologies. Full factorial design is used as a statistical method to study the effects of predictor variables on the response variables. The results show that abrasive water jet cutting gives a less out of roundness in cutting hole diameter, less reduction in strength and large difference between upper and lower diameter compared to the laser cutting technology of hole making in the type of the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite material used in the present work.
Experimental Analysis of Hole Making in GFRP Composite Using Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Technology
Jun 5, 2013Journal Applied Mechanics and Materials.
Publisher Scientific . Net
DOI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.325-326.1392
Volume 325-326
A comparative study on the use of Drilling and Milling Processes in Hole Making of GFRP Composite
Jan 5, 2013Journal Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Science.
Publisher Indian Academy Of Sciences
Issue 4
Volume 38
Study the effect of pre strain in the oqbiaxial stretching on the forming limit diagram of aluminum alloy sheets 2024T3.
Jan 5, 2010Journal Al Techani Journal
Publisher technical education foundation , Iraq
Issue 2
Volume 24