Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

Job opportunities available to graduates of the Chemistry Department of the College of Science. There are many colleges that have witnessed great demand from students seeking to enroll in their various specializations. Among the most prominent of these colleges is the College of Science, especially the Chemistry Department. Many people are drawn to this department due to its diverse range of fields. In this article, we will explore the Chemistry Department, as well as the job opportunities available to graduates of the Chemistry Department of the College of Science, and the most prominent jobs that graduates of this department can pursue.
Biochemistry is the chemistry that studies biological processes within the human body and genetics. It also studies the chemical reactions that occur within the human body.
Applied chemistry is the science that studies various industries in numerous fields and relies primarily on scientific application.
Educational chemistry is the science that studies general chemistry, where this science is studied in all its aspects and divisions.

Master of Biochemistry

A biochemist studies chemical reactions within living organisms. They analyze organic compounds and biological processes at the molecular level. Their work aims to provide a deeper understanding of biological processes and develop practical applications in medicine and industry.

Key information about the biochemist's job:

Combines a deep knowledge of chemistry and biology
Works in scientific research laboratories and academic institutions
Contributes to the development of new drugs and treatments
Studies diseases at the molecular level
Develops new techniques for biochemical analysis

PhD Biochemistry

The PhD in Biochemistry program focuses on the study of chemical and biological processes within living organisms. The PhD in Biochemistry prepares graduates for work in diverse fields, enabling them to make advances in medical biochemistry and biotechnology to develop biotherapeutics.

Dean [Dean of Mosul Medical Technical Institue]

Dean

Exploring the microscopic eyeball of cyanobacteria: A comprehensive review

Journal International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation

publisher International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation

DOI https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJMRGE.2024.5.4.862-869

Issue 4

Volume 5

Cyanobacteria resemble algae in that they contain chlorophyll and then photosynthesize and oxygen is released as a result. Cyanobacteria resemble bacteria in that they are Gram-negative bacteria and their wall consists of peptidoglycan and contain a primitive nucleus and do not contain chloroplasts but membranes called thylakoids that contain the chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria produce their own energy through otosynthesis, just like plants. Scientists from America said that they made an "energy generator" using a bottle containing bacteria and sewage, and that the efficiency of these "microbes connected to wires" reached 30%, which is equivalent to the efficiency of the best solar cells currently commercially available. The researchers explained in their study, the results of which were published in the Proceedings of the American Academy of Sciences, that it is still necessary to find a suitable metal to manufacture an important part of this small "generator", which is a cathode, which is the electrode of the electrical circuit where the process of reducing electrons occurs, as an alternative to the silver oxide that they currently use. The idea of using bacteria as a source of energy generation is not new, and through this idea, bacteria that live on natural waste can be exploited and release excess electrons through a complex mechanism of cells during this process that leads to the conversion of chemical energy into an electric current. It is expected that water purification plants will be the place for these microbial generators, as public wastewater is rich in natural materials, in addition to the fact that not only will electricity be produced there, but the water will be purified at the same time, which reduces the operating costs of these stations. However.

Read Publication

The Impact of Hormones on Generalized Anxiety and Panic Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Review

Journal Pharaonic Journal of Science

publisher Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology (SPBH)

DOI 10.71428/PJS.2025.0101

Issue 1

Volume 1

This review explores the role of hormones in the development and progression of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) among adolescents and young adults. It highlights how hormonal variations, particularly in sex hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, as well as stress hormones, for example, cortisol, can influence brain regions involved in emotional regulation, for example, the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. The review examines gender differences, clarifying that females are more susceptible to anxiety disorders, potentially as a result of cyclical hormonal changes. Additionally, it discusses how puberty, a critical developmental stage, marks a period of increased vulnerability due to major hormonal shifts. Understanding these hormonal impacts may improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies for GAD and PD in young people. Also, this review explains the definition and types of anxiety disorders and Prevalence in Adolescents and Young Adults. The review also discussed the symptoms and signs of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, and the optimal treatment for recovery. Keywords: Anxiety, Panic Disorders, Adolescents, cortisol, stress hormones.

Read Publication

The Critical Role of Biochemical Markers in the Early Diagnosis of Chronic Diseases

Journal International Journal of Pathology and Biomarkers

publisher Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology (SPBH)

DOI 10.71428/IJPB.2025.0101

Issue 1

Volume 1

Biochemical markers play a pivotal role in the early detection and management of chronic diseases, offering clinicians valuable insights into disease onset, progression, and therapeutic response. This review highlights key biochemical markers commonly used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, liver and kidney disorders, and various types of cancer. The review discusses the long and short-term risk factors for various diseases, disease progression, and prevention. Also, show the extent of the individual's response to treatment, positively or negatively, and the probability of the disease recurrence and progression. Biochemical markers help identify early symptoms and signs by providing a biochemical assessment of various physiological disorders. This review aims at an integrated assessment of the importance of biomarkers in the early detection of chronic diseases by collecting information and evidence and identifying their trend. This review also attempts to demonstrate the diagnostic utility of biomarkers, their clinical applications, and their ability to enhance patient outcomes and improve their response to treatment.

Read Publication

Evaluation of Some Immunological Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 in Mosul City, Iraq

Journal Medical Journal of Babylon

publisher Medical Journal of Babylon

DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_36_23

Issue 2

Volume 22

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a viral disease caused by a coronavirus involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome that causes mild, moderate, and severe respiratory system infections. World Health Organization has documented that COVID-19 infections are rapidly spreading and have become a global pandemic. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of specific immunological parameters in COVID-19 infected patients in Mosul, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 268 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study (129 males and 139 females). One hundred seventy-nine healthy participants were chosen randomly (81 males and 98 females) as a control. All patients admitted to Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Iraq from February to May 2021 were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the participants for serum to estimate levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The total white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were also measured. Results: This study revealed that most COVID-19 patients showed high levels of serum CRP, IL-6, and IL-10. The patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher total WBC count than healthy controls, with 12.21 and 6.93 cells per 103/L, respectively. However, the results showed a reduction in lymphocyte counts in COVID-19 patients. The hematological analysis was statistically significant for all parameters that were estimated in all COVID-19 patients, and controls and was compatible with clinical significance (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Infections with COVID-19 may elevate the levels of serum CRP, IL-6, and IL-10. Therefore, monitoring these immunological markers is essential, particularly in individuals with severe COVID-19 infection.

Read Publication

Anticancer, Apoptotic, and Mitotic Effectiveness of Lentinula edodes Microwave-Assisted Extract against Certain 2D Monolayer Culture Cancer

Journal Medical Journal of Babylon

publisher Medical Journal of Babylon

DOI 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_1415_23

Issue 1

Volume 22

Background: Lentinula edodes (L. edodes), a wild edible mushroom, grows naturally when nitrogen is fixed in the soil by lightning strikes. It is found to possess different biological activities due to its active ingredients. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer, cytotoxic, and mitotic activity of L. edodes against certain types of cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of L. edodes was prepared using a microwave-assisted extraction method. The cancer cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics, whereas the normal cell line was cultured in Roswell park memorial institute supplemented with 10% FBS. For one time of exposure at 72 h, the cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of L. edodes was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole (MTT) assay, a non-radioactive, fast assay widely used to quantify cell viability and proliferation. Mitotic index was measured to detect the effect of the extract on lymphocytes, using colcemid and phytohemagglutinin to activate and inhibit mitosis as controls. Results: The results revealed that the initial significant concentration of L. edodes extract on the HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line started at 25 μg/mL in a dose-dependent manner after 72 h of exposure, with highly significant differences at P < 0.05. The results also revealed significant cytotoxicity of L. edodes extract on the HCT116 (human colorectal cancer cell line) after 72 h of exposure (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Besides the different biological activity of L. edodes, it may have important anticancer and cytotoxic activities, and it has no effect on blood lymphocyte mitosis. This encourages its use as a treatment for cancer in future.

Read Publication

Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Thymoquinone and Infrared Radiation Against Aspergillus flavus

Journal International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics

publisher IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license

DOI DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.200414

Issue 4

Volume 22

Medicinal plants are an ideal source of a wide range of natural medicines, playing an important role in traditional and modern treatments. Nigella sativa is a medicinal herb known for its antibacterial properties. Thymoquinone (TQ), the primary active compound in its seeds, exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Research has also proven its effectiveness in fighting cancer and reducing inflammation through several different mechanisms. TQ was extracted using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Subsequent tests were conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of TQ and infrared radiation (IR) in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus flavus and its ability to produce toxins. The combination of thymoquinone (TQ) and infrared radiation significantly reduced the growth of Aspergillus flavus and its toxin production, suggesting an effective strategy for fungal control. At a TQ concentration of 1%, the fungal colony growth (without IR exposure) was 11.12%. After five hours of IR exposure, growth was reduced to 2.67%. Similarly, at a 2% concentration, fungal colony growth was 12.67% without IR exposure and declined to 3.78% after IR exposure, confirming the strong synergistic effect between TQ and IR radiation. infrared radiation (IR) increases the permeability of the fungal cell wall, facilitating the penetration of thymoquinone and enhancing its antifungal efficacy. Additionally, IR exposure may stimulate the activity of enzymes such as lipase and other cell wall-degrading enzymes, which contribute to cell wall breakdown, rendering the fungus more susceptible to attack. This dual mechanism not only enhances the efficacy of thymoquinone but may also reduce the need for high concentrations of conventional antifungal agents, thereby lowering the risk of resistance development. These findings suggest that the combined use of thymoquinone and infrared radiation (IR) may represent a sustainable and promising approach for controlling toxin-producing fungi, with important possible applications in the food and agricultural industries to ensure the safety of crops and stored products.

Read Publication

Timothy Syndrome and Immune Response in Children: A review

Journal International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research

publisher International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research

DOI https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMBHR.2024.5.4.88-95

Issue 4

Volume 5

Timothy Syndrome, a rare multisystem disorder, causes various syndromic symptoms and requires a multiorgan approach. Timothy syndrome (TS) often manifests during the neonatal period. However, in many cases, it is diagnosed later, between the ages of 2-4 years. The objectives of our study were to investigate the relationship of Timothy Syndrome and the immune response in a cohort of children diagnosed with Timothy Syndrome, to review existing publications on genetic immunological approaches, and to discuss the available topics and priorities for researchers.

Read Publication

Effect of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Level of Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Journal Medical Journal of Babylon

publisher Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_818_23

Issue 2

Volume 21

Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the most significant zoonotic illness in the world, Toxoplasmosis. It is possible for T. gondii to be transferred transplacentally from the mother to the fetus if it is contracted during pregnancy and causes abortion or congenital deformity. Objective: To investigate the correlation between polycystic ovarian syndrome and toxoplasmosis, as well as to examine certain related sex hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted at Kirkuk General Hospital and Gynaecological and Pediatric Hospital in Kirkuk city, Iraq, between November 1, 2022 and March 21, 2023. The study included 200 blood samples collected from women who had abortions. The serum used to measure levels of LH and FSH. Results: Out of the 200 aborted women, only 40 (20%) of them were PCO positive (poly cystic ovarian syndrome). The 40 positive PCO subjects were divided into four groups according to the presence of T. gondii antibodies: PCO +ve and Toxo IgM +ve (7.5%), PCO +ve and Toxo IgG +ve (15%), PCO +ve and Toxo IgM ‐ve (42.5%), PCO +ve and Toxo IgG ‐ve (35%). Conclusion: There were significant differences in the FSH and LH level in the study groups. The level of LH in four groups the highest mean was in Toxo IgM and PCO +ve (9.190 ± 3.710) with P value 0.046. In the level of FSH in four groups the highest mean was in Toxo IgG +ve and PCO +ve (8.776 ± 2.061) and the lowest mean was in Toxo IgM +ve and PCO +ve (5.790 ± 3.25) with a P value of 0.045.

Read Publication

Effect of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Level of Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Journal Medical Journal of Babylon

DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_818_23

Issue 2

Volume 21

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the most significant zoonotic illness in the world, Toxoplasmosis.It is possible for T. gondii to be transferred transplacentally from the mother to the fetus if it is contracted during pregnancy and causesabortion or congenital deformity. Objective: To investigate the correlation between polycystic ovarian syndrome and toxoplasmosis,as well as to examine certain related sex hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

Read Publication

The Relationship of Vitamin D3, D-Dimer, and Antinuclear Antibody Levels with Toxoplasmosis

Journal Medical Journal of Babylon

publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications

DOI 10.4103/MJBl.MJBl_812_23

Issue 3

Volume 21

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory parasite that causes a zoonotic infection known as toxoplasmosis, which produces a wide range of clinical symptoms in humans and is considered the major cause of abortion in women. Immunocompromised patients are more likely to develop T. gondii infections due to parasite transmission over the placenta. Objective: The aim of this study was the determination of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and some biochemical parameters, such as vitamin D3 and D-dimer. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Kirkuk City extended from November 1, 2022 to March 21, 2023 included 200 blood samples from aborted women at Gynecological and Pediatric Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq. The patient’s serum was assessed for ANAs, vitamin D3, and D-dimer. Results: Forty-seven percent of 200 women who had abortions tested positive for toxoplasmosis. Serum vitamin D3 levels were found to be substantially lower in Toxoplasma-positive cases than in Toxoplasmanegative cases, which was an unexpected finding. In addition, ANA results were statistically significant (P = 0.034). In our study, there was no discernible difference in the levels of D-dimer between the groups. Conclusion: This study investigated that there were significant differences in the level of vitamin D3 and the results of ANA between the groups in aborted women, whereas there were no obvious differences in D-dimer level between our study groups. © 2024 Medical Journal of Babylon | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Read Publication

Molecular Detection of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and its bacterial phages in adolescents in Mosul City / Iraq

Journal Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research

publisher Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology

DOI 10.21608/jbaar.2024.304756.1056

Issue 3

Volume 10

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) is a pathological state distinguished by substantial urinary infection in the absence of any observable symptoms. ASB is a result of the presence of typical gut microorganisms that migrate via the urethra and potentially reach the bladder and kidneys. The diagnosis relies on urine culture, genetic analysis using The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and bacteriophage administration as a therapeutic intervention. Methods: The examination was conducted as a prospective study at Mosul Laboratories. The study lasted for one month, A total of 100 participants, aged between 15 and 33, were recruited, including representatives from both sexes. All individuals involved in the study were clinically verified to display no indications or manifestations of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Results: The study involved 100 volunteers and cultured urine samples. Bacterial isolates were identified using the Vitek-2 System and PCR methods. Bacteria prevalence was 84%, higher among 15-20 year olds. GPB species were more prevalent in females, with 61% of isolated cases being Gram-Positive Bacteria (GPB) and 23% being Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB). which was utilized to do sensitivity testing on different antibiotics utilizing Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) cards. Identified species included Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: Non-pregnant women and healthy males frequently experience ASB. Regular urine culture sensitivity trying should be finished for people of all ages corporations and sexes to mitigate the ability dangers and outcomes connected with this condition. © 2024, Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology. All rights reserved.

Read Publication

Antibiotic classification, mechanisms, and indications: A review

Journal International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research

publisher International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research

DOI https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMBHR.2024.5.3.39-46

Issue 3

Volume 5

An antibiotic was originally a material created by one microorganism that selectively inhibits another’s development. Since then, synthetic antibiotics have been developed that perform comparable tasks, typically chemically similar to natural antibiotics. There are no effects of antibiotics on viral infections. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Several proposed classifications of antibiotics including chemical structure, mode of action, or organism of inhibitory activity. Most of the classification systems include two primary categories, the first categorizing based on chemical structure and the second categorizing based on the mechanism of action. Depending on their action, antibiotics are classified into bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents. Bactericidal agents kill or destroy the bacteria in the infected tissue; examples of bactericidal agents include penicillin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. Bacteriostatic agents cease bacterial multiplication, allowing other mechanisms of the immune system to kill the microbes. The antibacterial actions of antibiotics include inhibiting the bacterial cell wall, interrupting protein synthesis, plowing down the bacterial nucleic acid (DNA/RNA), inhibiting the biochemical metabolism, chelating metallic cations that are necessary for bacterial growth, and impairing the bacterial membranes by disintegrating it

Read Publication

Risks, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Against High Prevalence of Bacterial Infection in Contact Lens Solutions

Journal Journal of Angiotherapy

publisher Eman Research

DOI 10.25163/angiotherapy.839538

Issue 3

Volume 8

Background: Contact lens wear has become increasingly common for vision correction and cosmetic purposes. However, it also causes risks of microbial contamination leading to ocular infections. The aim of our study was to investigate the bacterial contamination in commercial contact lens solutions. Method: A total of 33 samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial presence using both phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic diagnosis involved culturing samples on specific media and utilizing the Vitik system. Results: Our results showed the presence of various bacterial groups in contact lens preservation solutions, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most prevalent at 27.2% and 21.2%, respectively. The highest percentage of infections occurred in the age range of 12-20 years (41%), followed by 21-30 years (22%), 31-40 years (19%), 41-50 years (13%), and 51-60 years (5%). Regarding education level, individuals with primary education showed a higher percentage of eye infections (63%) compared to those with secondary education (27%) or higher education (10%). A higher percentage of infections was observed among individuals wearing lenses for 24 hours (57%) compared to those wearing them for 12, 6, or 1 hour, at 22%, 14%, and 7% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated the importance of adherence to proper lens care practices to improve lens safety and reduce microbial contamination. Effective measures are essential to mitigate the risks associated with contact lens wear and maintain optimal eye health. © 2024, Eman Research. All rights reserved.

Read Publication

Draft Genome Sequencing of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES Isolated from Freshwater in Iraq: Cyanobacterial Strain

Journal Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal

publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications

DOI 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_40_24

Issue 1

Volume 8

Background: Cyanobacteria are a widely dominated group of microorganisms in nature that produce a diverse range of metabolites. Whilst the enormous number of bacterial genomes has deposited in the public databases, the number of cyanobacterial genomes remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to sequence the whole genome of an Iraqi cyanobacterium isolate, designed as Microcoleus sp. HI-ES. Methods: Microcoleus sp. HI-ES was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from the Mosul Dam lake. GB-11 liquid medium was used for primary isolation whereas agarose-GB-11 medium supplemented with lysozyme (100 μg/ml), imipenem (100 μg/ml), streptomycin (100 μg/ml), and cycloheximide (20 μg/ml) was used to obtain an axenic Microcoleus sp. HI-ES culture. Specialized bioinformatics tools were used for genome assembly, annotation, whole genome-based taxonomy analysis, in silico whole genome DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH), and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) detection. Results: The results showed that Microcoleus sp. HI-ES genome consists of 4,671,230 bp with a GC content of 47.7% distributed within 6417 contigs and a total of 6264 coding sequences. The whole genome-based phylogeny and isDDH values showed that Microcoleus sp. HI-ES is closed to the type strains: Microcoleus asticus IPMA8, Microcoleus vaginatus PCC 9802, M. vaginatus FGP-2, and Oscillatoria nigroviridis PCC 7112 with isDDH values of 61.7%, 59.8%, 59.8%, and 54.5%, respectively. Ten secondary metabolite BGCs were predicted in Microcoleus sp. HI-ES including four nonrobosomal peptides (NRPs) such as one NRPs, two resorcinol, two terpenes, and one T1PKS. The draft genome sequence of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number JAPTMT000000000. Conclusion: The contribution of the depositing of the whole genome sequencing of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES, an Iraqi cyanobacterial strain, in public genbank databases will benefit the scientific community to understanding the potential of this cyanobacterial strain as a promising natural product producer. © 2024 Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ).

Read Publication

Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Anatoxin-a Detection in a Whole Genome of Microcoleus sp.. HI-ES

Journal Rafidain Journal of Science

publisher College of Science/ University of Mosul

DOI 10.33899/rjs.2024.182823

Issue 1

Volume 33

Cyanobacteria is a group of microorganisms that are known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites as well as a wide range of cyanotoxins such as anatoxins. In this study, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are responsible for bioactive secondary compounds production were genetically identified in the whole genome sequence of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES using antiSMASH 6.0 tool. Moreover, the gene sequence that is responsible for anatoxin production was also identified using both RAST tool and the NCBI database. The results have revealed that Microcoleus sp. HI-ES harbor 10 BGCs responsible for NRPS-like, NRPS, resorcinol, terpenes and T1PKS. The pharmaceutical impacts and the biological activities of these BGCs were also discussed. The anatoxin gene sequences detected in Microcoleus sp. HI-ES genome was closest homology to anatoxin gene sequences in Oscillatoria nigroviridis PCC 7112, Planktothrix agardhii, PCC 7805, Anabaena cylindrica PCC 7122, Aphanizomenon flosaquae KM1D3 and Nostoc sp. TCL240-02 with homology percentages of 93.71%, 81.55%, 75.60%, 74.21% and 74.73%, respectively. Other cyanobacteria genera that show query coverage and/or homology less than 70% were also reported. Finally, the phylogenetic tree based on anatoxin gene sequences between Microcoleus sp. HI-ES and cyanobacteria genera found in the NCBI was constructed using MEGA-X program with1000x replicates.

Read Publication

Prevalence of anticardiolipin antibody IgM and IgG in women with recurrent abortions in Kirkuk city

Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

publisher NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

DOI https://www.researchgate.net/deref/https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.56286%2Fntujps.v2i4?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19

Issue 4

Volume 2

Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that can produce a wide range of clinical symptoms in humans, is the source of the zoonotic infection known as Toxoplasmosis. The goal of this study was to measure the serum levels of anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies (ACL-IgM and ACL-IgG) in 200 women with T. gondii and recurrent abortions.Two hundred (200) blood samples from aborted women were used in this study, which was carried out in Kirkuk between November 1, 2022, and March 21, 2023, at the Gynaecological & Paediatric Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital to determine the level of Anticardiolipin IgG and IgM serum.In this study of 200 aborted women, 28 (14%) had IgM positivity, 66 (33%) had IgG positivity, and 94 (47%) had Toxoplasmosis positivity overall. Of 200 aborted women, 39 (19.5%) had anticardiolipin IgM while 35 (17.5%) had Anticardiolipin IgG.The anticardiolipin IgM higher than anticardiolioin IgG in the Toxoplasmosis infected women

Read Publication

Relation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with some biochemical variables in high-risk aborted women in Mosul city, Iraq

Journal Journal of Applied and Natural Science

publisher Eman ResearchApplied and Natural Science Foundation

DOI 10.31018/jans.v15i4.4943

Issue 4

Volume 15

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), or Kissing Virus, is a member of the Herpes virus that can be a contributory factor for compromised pregnant, high-risk aborted women worldwide. The present study aimed to detect high-risk EBV by the Monospot test for pregnant, high-risk aborted women, to detect immunoglobulin IgM and IgG for EBV using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, to distinguish the infections as acute, chronic, or reactivated, and to determination of Enzymes as Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alanine Transaminase (ALT).A cohort of 91 serum samples were collected from high-risk aborted women (ages 15-45 years) who attended Al-Medina Private Laboratory from February to December 2022.Sera were tested for heterophile antibodies(HA) associated with Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) caused by EBV by Latex Agglutination slide test (IM Quick test) and were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against EBV-CA in serum using the ELISA kit.Sera from the patients and healthy controls were analyzed for Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Alkaline phosphatase. Compared to healthy controls, the data showed that the late phase with loss and reactivated infection was responsible for 25% of cases and that the acute and late infection cases had a high of 64%. There were significant differences in the level of these hormones;aborted women showed increased levels of serum ALP (70.83) while having a reverse effect with serum ALT (11.7) and AST (25.43). EBV activation was higher in the aborted women. The study would help to determine the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of abortion.

Read Publication

Investigation of COVID-19 By Theoretical Docking of Medicines With Two Proteins

Journal Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

publisher NIDOC (Nat.Inform.Document.Centre)

DOI 10.21608/EJCHEM.2022.117309.5292

Issue 13

Volume 65

This study examined the docking of two inhibition for SARS-Cov-2 virus (or COVID-19) these proteins are (6wtt and 6xa4) with nine pharmaceutical compounds (Aminoglutethimide, 4-Aminosalicylic acid, Felbamate, Hydroflumethiazide, Modafinil, Nepafenac, Oxcarbazepine, and Trichlormethiazide) which are used in the general human's life. These pharmaceuticals have different active groups in the structure conformation like (- NH2) and (-OH). Docking was applied the investigate the interaction between these medicines with the proteins using Molecular Operating Environment software (MOE). The goal of this study was to find a novel drug that docked with some proteins and was regarded to be an effective therapy for COVID-19. © 2022 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)

Read Publication

Studying effect vibrations resulting from use jack Hammer on of its workers

Journal Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences

Issue 2

Volume 140

This research refers to the study effect of vibration resulting from the rock crushing device on human health by studying the effect on the blood parameters of workers on this device for a period ranging from ten years and above. Samples were collected from people working in rock breakers (Jackhammer) in several areas of the province on 10/5/2020 and the results were as follows, After collecting the samples, we performed some tests on them to find the difference between the people who work in the rock crushers and the people who do not work in them, and the difference was between them. Mg / dL (120 - 145). For those who do not work in this field, the percentage of fats is mg / glitter (150-180). The albumin testing sites are in a relative increase, but also within the natural limit for people working in rock crushers. The ratio was between g / dL (4.5-5.5). The places of ordinary people were g / dL (3.4 - 4.4). As for the rest of the checks, they were close Most likely natural.

Read Publication

SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS OF COVID-19 IN MOSUL CITY, IRAQ

Journal Biochemical and Cellular Archives

publisher Connect Journal

Volume 21

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) or Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been involved in cases of moderate to severe respiratory system diseases. The World Health Organization “WHO” has reported that infections with COVID-19 are a global pandemic. Aim of our study was designed to study the relationship of some biochemical parameters with COVID-19 infection in Mosul City, Iraq. A cross-sectional study in a cohort of 240 (116 males and 124 females) individuals with positively COVID-19 and 112 healthy controls, which paid a visit Al-Salam Teaching hospital in Mosul city, Iraq from the date of 15th January to 15th March 2021. Their ages were ranging from 12- 61 years. All patients have already been diagnosed with COVID-19 and they have symptoms and signs. Whole blood samples were taken from each of the patients and healthy controls to analyze for; serum ferritin, GOT, GPT, LDH and D-dimer. Our study revealed that the majority of the COVID-19 patients showed increased levels of serum ferritin, LDH and D-dimer, while having a reverse effect with serum GOT and GPT that showed normal value in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. Infection with COVID-19 may be increase the levels of serum ferritin, LHD and D-dimer, and monitoring of these biochemical parameters is necessary especially in patients with severe illness of COVID-19 disease to help in the improvement of disease outcome.

Read Publication

ASSESSMENT OF GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Journal Biochemical and Cellular Archives

publisher Connect Journal

Volume 21

The infection of the Urinary tract (UTI) represents the most health problem in the world affecting millions of people every year. E. coli is the most bacterium that causes urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli can because transitory damage of DNA followed by incomplete DNA repair during cell division, so this finally leading to chromosome deflections. Samples of urines were gained from 58 patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and diagnosed as infection with E. coli, also 35 control samples (noninfected patients). The samples undergrow to micronucleus assay in renal epithelial cells. Frequencies of cells with micronucleated (MN), binucleated (BN) Condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KR), pyknosis (PN), karyolysis cells (KL) were computed in all groups (patients and controls) as parameters for the evaluation of the stability of the genome. So, the aim of this study to investigate the possibility of usage of renal epithelial cells from the urinary tract to identifying the genotoxicity and DNA damage effects of UTI patients. The present study showed that the micronucleus (MN) and karyorrhexis (KR) were higher percentages in males more than females in patients with UTI compared with healthy controls as 4.22%, 3.91%, respectively while in females as 3.86%, 2.97%, respectively. In micronucleus obtain p-value as (p>0,05). In our study observed that the E. coli associated with urinary tract infection can induce DNA damage for epithelial cells. So can be suggested if the patients administrated antibiotics in early infection, the level of DNA damage can be reduced. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Read Publication

The Effect of Rays Resulting from Communication Signs On Blood Variables in Humans

Journal Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology

publisher Vasile Goldis" Western University Arad, Romania

Issue 1

Volume 25

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of electromagnetic waves for the mobile phone on some biochemical tests.In human blood serum who use mobile phones excessively, 60 samples were used. They were divided into two groups, each group contained 30 samples.It was observed through the results that appeared that there are very clear differences in all tests of kidney and liver function and there are clear significant differences in all tests of kidney and liver function. This imbalance in liver function may be attributed to free radicals formed as a result of exposure to EMW, which may affect the composition The liver and kidney tissue it is affects the control mechanism of the secretion control mechanism, enzymes necessary to carry out the life activities of the human body, as the liver may be healthy, but the instructions that reach it are not .It is proportional to the actual need of the body and ultimately the secretion of these enzymes is affected

Read Publication

Inhibition of staphylococcus aureus growth isolated from teeth decay using pomegranate fat extract fortified by silver nanoparticles (Agnp)

Journal International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

publisher Advanced Scientific Research

DOI 10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.240

Issue 4

Volume 12

They have conducted to test the efficiency of fat pomegranate extract supported by Silver nanoparticle (AgNp) to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the study, isolated from teeth decay from March to July 2020. Thirty isolates were purified and identified according to morphological, biochemical, Physiological tests and confirmed by the API32 ID Staph system. All the bacterial was isolates indicated that Impanel is highly effective against Staph. aureus and all were resistant to Furazolidone and their ability to produce the Biofilms at a rate of (100%). Still, the use of pomegranate fat extract showed a different inhibition, the highest at a concentration of (800 mg/ml) with an inhibition zone of (18) mm, but the lowest level of (100, mg / ml) with the inhibitory zone (9)mm. AgNp alone at a concentration of (1%, 2% 3% and 4%) led to highest bacterial inhibition at a concentration of (4%) with a diameter zone of inhibition (12-18) mm The effectiveness of the extract of pomegranate-fortified with AgNp increasing the inhibition of bacterial growth with different concentrations, the highest rate of inhibition at (40%) and the average inhibition diameter was (25) mm. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.

Read Publication

Inhibitory effect of saccharomyces cervisiae filtrates on growth some type of bacteria

Journal EurAsian Journal of BioSciences

Issue 2

Volume 14

Beaker yeast is one of a wide variety of fungi found in nature. The current study included investigating the inhabitability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates on the growth of some negative bacteria that gram stain. The results showed that baking yeast varies in its ability to produce lethal toxins that inhibit the growth of some types of positive and negative bacteria of gram stain according to the nature of isolation and according to the company producing them effectiveness of baking yeast increases to produce toxins when grown at a temperature of 30 ° C. While the temperatures of 20 ° C and 37 ° C were not efficient in the production process pH has an effective role to increase its ability to produce toxins that inhibit the growth of other yeasts, the best of which was at = pH3.5

Read Publication

Long-term diazotrophic cultivation of Trichormus sp. IMU26: evaluation of physiological changes related to elevated phycobiliprotein content

Journal Journal of Applied Phycology

publisher Springer

DOI 10.1007/s10811-019-02012-3

Issue 2

Volume 32

A filamentous cyanobacterium, Trichormus sp. IMU26, capable of rapid growth and high phycobiliprotein (PBP) production under N2-fixing conditions was isolated. The strain has been maintained in N-free BG-11 medium for more than 20 months upon isolation. Nitrogen supply resulted in higher soluble protein and saccharide content but a lower growth rate and PBP production in Trichormus sp. IMU26. Short-term N-P deprivation induced PBP production with no clear change in growth while growth and PBP content decreased in the longer incubation period. Induction of PBP production in N-P-deprived cells was characterized by FTIR analysis and change in carotenoid-pigment interactions. Rapid induction of zeaxanthin and β-carotene production and slight reduction of echinenone and canthaxanthin levels might be associated with increased PBP levels in short-term N-P deprivation of Trichormus sp. IMU26. Overall, long-term diazotrophic growth of N2-fixing cyanobacteria may increase the PBP yield.

Read Publication

DNA Based Biosensors

Journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Issue 1

Volume 3

Biosensors especially DNA biosensors find use in diverse fields like clinical, food adulteration prevention, and in the monitoring of the environment. The DNA based biosensors have gained prominence in detection and monitoring and are the ultimate choice due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Novel synthetic probes have been exploited for their use in various clinical settings. Here in this review, the major DNA biosensor technologies available in the market is discussed with the addition of two crucial technological breakthrough in detecting mercury poisoning as well as DNA damage due to ultraviolet light is also discussed. DNA biosensors technology is evolving at a faster pace and is coming up with the rational solution in the detection of various clinical conditions as well as coverage area like environmental pollution, which we can now detect at a faster rate with the help of state of the art DNA biosensors in no time. Thus DNA biosensors are becoming part and parcel of the mainstream science, and through this review, a try has been made to address the various issues relating to DNA biosensors in today’s world

Read Publication

Long term diazotrophic cultivation induces phycobiliprotein production in Anabaena variabilis IMU8

Journal Biocell

publisher Tech Science Press

DOI 10.32604/BIOCELL.2019.08522

Issue 4

Volume 43

Cyanobacteria are considered as a sustainable feedstock for the production of biochemically active compounds such as phycobiliproteins (PBPs). In this study, the impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability on PBP production of “N-free acclimated” Anabaena variabilis IMU8 was analyzed. Upon isolation and identification, the cyanobacterium has been maintained in N-free BG-11 medium for more than 20 months. For experimentation, the strain was incubated in N-replete, N-depleted, N-P-depleted BG-11 medium. Long-term diazotrophic cultivation of A. variabilis IMU8 resulted in elevated PBP productivity with a limited impact on growth. When compared to N-depleted ones, N supply stimulated a slight induction of growth and total saccharide production, but total protein content did not change while PBP production decreased. On the other hand, N-P-depletion resulted in decreased growth rate along with reduced total protein and PBP production while rapid induction of total saccharide production was recorded. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results refer that membrane-bound oligosaccharides may have regulatory roles for PBP production in A. variabilis IMU8 during long term diazotrophic cultivation. © 2019 Centro Regional de Invest. Cientif. y Tecn.. All rights reserved.

Read Publication

Detection of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Children under Five Years During Winter 2012-2013 in Mosul Province

Journal Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

DOI DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.19.3.13

Volume 19

The identifying the viral agents such as norovirus genogroup I (NVGI), norovirus genogroup II (NVGII) and rotavirus (RV) is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea in Mosul Governorate. Due to the lack of recent reports on surveillance of ro¬tavirus and norovirus infection in, One hundred fecal samples were collected between December 2012 to March 2013 from children <5 years of age who presented with acute gastroenteritis in the Al-Salam hospital and Al-Madena clinical laboratory in Mosul .All samples were tested for rotavirus using latex agglutination test, and norovirus using (RT-qPCR) for NVGI and NVGII. Enteric viruses were detected in 42 out of the 100 (42%) children who presented with acute diarrhea. In that 42 samples positive for enteric viruses, at least one viral agent was found. NVGII was the most frequent virus identified in 24cases (57.14%), followed by rotavirus in 14 cases (33.33%), and NVGI in 4 cases (9.52%). The result demonstrated a high prevalence infection with the both viruses in age group under 1years with high incidence of 22 Bottle-Feed 22 cases (52.37%).Norovirus and Rotavirus co-infection was occurred in 9 cases presented 21.24% of all cases.

Read Publication