Publications
Study of entB Gene and Some Quinolone Resistance Genes (qnrB and acc(6’)-Ib-cr) of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Community-Acquired Infections in Kirkuk City
Jul 3, 2025Journal Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology
Publisher Egyptian Society for Medical Microbiology (ESMM)
DOI 10.21608/ejmm.2025.357953.1463
Issue 3
Volume 34
Background: Community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae (CAKP) infections arise in people outside hospital environments and can affect various body parts. There is a growing problem with antibiotic resistance, particularly fluoroquinolone resistance, which limits treatment choices for CAKP infections. Objective: This study aimed to detect the entB gene and some fluoroquinolone resistance genes qnrB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr of K. pneumoniae in Community-acquired infections. Methodology: Two hundred fifty-six different clinical samples were collected from outpatients of both sexes suffering from community-acquired infections aged less than one to eighty years. K. pneumoniae was isolated and identified using traditional microbiological methods, and subsequently confirmed with the VITEK 2 compact system. Antibiotic sensitivity was assessed for Gemifloxacin and Norfloxacin by disc diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ciprofloxacin was evaluated using VITEK 2 AST-GN-419 cards. EntB, qnrB, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Only thirty-eight non-duplicate K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed 55.3% resistance of isolates to the ciprofloxacin, 50% to the gemifloxacin, and 42.1% to norfloxacin. PCR analysis showed that of all 38 K. pneumoniae isolates, 100% harbored the entB gene. Among 38 isolates, only 26 isolates were phenotypically resistant to fluoroquinolone and they were involved in the molecular detection of plasmid mediated-quinolone-resistant genes (PMQR), the acc(6')-Ib-cr gene was identified in 13 (50%) isolates. In contrast, qnrB was found in 9 (34.6%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of virulence factors can enhance the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae in infections acquired in the community. Among the factors determining PMQR, the aac (6')-Ib-cr gene tends to be prevalent, followed by the qnrB gene.
Assessment of Gene Expression of Some Human Cluster of Differentiation in Chronic HCV Patients
Sep 10, 2024Journal South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Publisher Jacobs Verlag
DOI https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.1791
Issue S1
Volume XXV
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most potential pathogens all over the world. It is one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases. The host immune response against HCV sets off a chain reaction that results in liver damage after HCV infection in addition to necrosis and cellular inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: This study aimed at evaluation of gene expression of human cluster of differentiation (CD25, CD39 and CD127) in patients with chronic HCV infection. Materials and Methods: The study involved 70 HCV patients who were diagnosed in Hepatology and Gastroenterology Center at Azadi Teaching Hospital and 50 control subjects during October 2023 until April 2024. HCV patients were confirmed with real time PCR. In addition RNA extraction was conducted on patients and control whole blood to assess the gene expression of CD25, CD39 and CD127 in both groups. Result: Regarding gene expression of CD25, CD39 and CD127, our data revealed significant overexpression of those marker in HCV patients in comparison to control group with P value (0.0001, <0.0001 and <0.0001) respectively. Conclusion: The gene expression of CD25, CD39 and CD127 were significantly up-regulated in HCV patients compared to healthy control indicating the role played by these markers.
Assessment of mrkD and T1 fim Genes of K. pneumoniae and Their Association with Biofilm Formation in Community-Acquired Infections
Jul 4, 2024Journal South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Publisher Jacobs Verlag
DOI https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.687
Issue S1
Volume XXIV
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacteria that can form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. The constraints of the therapeutic choices against K. pneumoniae arise from its innate capacity to develop biofilm and harboring determinants of multidrug resistance. Objective: The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of some fimbrial genes (type 1 and type 3) of K. pneumoniae strains in community-acquired infections obtained from various clinical sources on their ability to produce biofilm. Methods: A total of 256 samples (106 male and 150 females) were taken from various clinical sources including Urine, wound swabs, sputum, burn swabs, bronchial wash, diabetic foot ulcer, and higher vaginal swabs) from outpatients in Kirkuk City hospitals. The isolates were identified on the Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar based on the cultural, morphological, in addition to biochemical assays, and confirmed using the automated VITEK 2 system. The Microtiter plate (MTP) method was employed to detect Biofilm formation. Subsequently, a polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the presence of the T1 fim and mrkD genes. Result: Out of 256 only 38 (14.8%) isolates belonged to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Of all isolates, 38(100%) were biofilm producers. The PCR results revealed that all 38 isolates showed positive (100%) for T1 fim and 37 isolates (97.4%) for mrkD.
Association of H. pylori IgG and CagA-IgG with some immunological and biochemical parameters in diabetic patients.
Apr 6, 2024Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v3i1.511
Issue 1
Volume 3
Helicobacter pylori a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped, and flagellated bacteria whose primary reservoir is the human stomach. It can cause gastric and extra-gastric diseases. So the study aimed to find the relationship between infection with H. pylori and progression of type II diabetes with other immunological markers. Method This study was conducted in Kirkuk City from Nov. 2022 to Apr. 2023 and included 106 individuals, 26 as a control group and 80 patients (34 males and 46 females) with mean age 57.61 suffering from DMII with H. pylori stool antigen positive results (immunochromatographic test cassette). Five ml of venous blood samples were taken for the HbA1c test (immunodetection technique), fast serum glucose (Hexokinase/G-6-PDH), serum H. pylori IgG, H. pylori CagA IgG, Interlukin-1?, and Interleukin-10 analysis (Sandwich-ELISA technique). Results There was a positive correlation between H. pylori IgG titer and HbA1c levels (0.0321, P = 0.004). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the levels of IL-1? and the H. pylori CagA IgG (r =0.579, P = 0.000). While a negative correlation was found between HbA1c level and IL-10 concentration, (r = -0.500, P = 0.000), there was also a negative association between IL-1? and IL-10 concentrations (r = -0.485, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Through the results of this correlation, we suggest a relationship between H. pylori infection and DMII.
Comparison between Rapid Test and ELISA in Cytomegalovirus Detection among Pregnant Women in Kirkuk City
Apr 6, 2024Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v3i1.572
Issue 1
Volume 3
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus is member of herpes virus that has a phospholipid-rich membrane, capsids, and a network of DNA. As this virus affects many living cell in the body, people are at risk of acquiring it especially immuno-compromised patients like pregnant women and can transmit it to their fetus therefore the diagnosis of the virus is important for monitoring the infection in mother and prevent transition to the fetus. Aims: The purpose of this study is to compare two common methods for Cytomegalovirus diagnosis. Materials and method: CMV Rapid Test was performed to detect IgG & IgM Abs specific for CMV using CTK BIOTECH/USA kit. Second method was ELISA technique that performed for further validation using Bioactive/Germany kit. CBC test also performed to compare (WBC, Hb. Lymphocyte, platelet) count between patients and control groups. Results: By rapid test, all patients tested positive for IgG, however only (10.16%) of 128 patients tested positive for CMV IgM, according to ELISA, which shows that the number of IgM positivity was only (8.59%). According to complete blood count we indicated that there were significant differences between patients and control regarding to WBC count and lymphocyte count with P value (0.0001) and (0.0001) respectively. No significant differences observed in hemoglobin concentration and platelet level between two groups. Conclusions: Viral infections require accurate diagnosis to minimize negative outcomes and the results showed that Cytomegalovirus diagnosis in pregnant women via ELISA test is more accurate, specific and sensitive than rapid test.
Association of H. pylori IgG and CagA-IgG with some immunological and biochemical parameters in diabetic patients.
Apr 6, 2024Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v3i1.511
Issue 1
Volume 3
Helicobacter pylori a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped, and flagellated bacteria whose primary reservoir is the human stomach. It can cause gastric and extra-gastric diseases. So the study aimed to find the relationship between infection with H. pylori and progression of type II diabetes with other immunological markers. Method This study was conducted in Kirkuk City from Nov. 2022 to Apr. 2023 and included 106 individuals, 26 as a control group and 80 patients (34 males and 46 females) with mean age 57.61 suffering from DMII with H. pylori stool antigen positive results (immunochromatographic test cassette). Five ml of venous blood samples were taken for the HbA1c test (immunodetection technique), fast serum glucose (Hexokinase/G-6-PDH), serum H. pylori IgG, H. pylori CagA IgG, Interlukin-1?, and Interleukin-10 analysis (Sandwich-ELISA technique). Results There was a positive correlation between H. pylori IgG titer and HbA1c levels (0.0321, P = 0.004). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the levels of IL-1? and the H. pylori CagA IgG (r =0.579, P = 0.000). While a negative correlation was found between HbA1c level and IL-10 concentration, (r = -0.500, P = 0.000), there was also a negative association between IL-1? and IL-10 concentrations (r = -0.485, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Through the results of this correlation, we suggest a relationship between H. pylori infection and DMII.
Investigation of Human Parvovirus B19 Seroprevalence among Pregnant Women Experiencing Spontaneous Abortion in Kirkuk City, Iraq
Dec 31, 2023Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v2i4.591
Issue 2
Volume 4
Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) may cross the placenta from mother to the fetus and cause major problems like non-immune hydrops fetalis, severe fetal anemia, as well as fetal mortality. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HPVB19 in pregnant women with spontaneous abortion in kirkuk. From November 2022 to the April 2023, blood samples from 135 aborted women aged 15-45 and 45 women with successful pregnancies as a control group were taken. Using the ELISA Technique, the sera from the samples were tested for HPV B19 -specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The result showed that 13 (9.63%) tested positive for HPV B19 IgM, 28 (20.74%) tested positive for IgG,P<0.01.The highest seroprevalence of HPV B19 IgM antibodies was observed in the 15-25 age group (61.54%). HPV B19 IgG antibodies highest prevalence in the 26-35 age groups (50%) (P<0.05).The study showed that in the 1st trimester, 11 cases (84.62%) tested positive for HPV B19 IgM antibodies, while 20 cases (71.43%) tested positive for IgG antibodies.Among women with three abortions, a higher proportion tested positive for HPV B19 antibodies, with 76.92% testing positive for HPV B19IgM and 82.14% testing positive for IgG, among women residing in rural areas, a higher proportion tested positive, with 76.92% testing positive for HPV B19 IgM antibodies and 75% testing positive for HPV B19 IgG antibodies. In the normal weight category, 69.23% tested positive for HPV B19 IgM antibodies, and 82.14% tested positive for IgG antibodies. Aborted women have a higher prevalence of Parvovirus HPV B19 IgM and IgG than control groups, suggesting a potential association between B19 infection and pregnancy loss.
Impact of Helicobacter pylori virulence on development of autoimmune thyroid diseases
Oct 10, 2023Journal Medical Journal of Babylon
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_160_22
Issue 1
Volume 20
H. pylori infection has been linked in some controversial studies to the existence of extra-gastrointestinal disorders like autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Objective: The study aimed to investigate the impact of the H.pylori virulence factor on progression of autoimmune thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: The study carried out on 90 patients (male and female) with thyroid disorders, and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Venous blood samples were drawn from all participants, serum obtained after centrifugation and kept in in a labeled Eppendorf tube then stored at -20°C till used in biochemical and immunological assays including: estimation of anti H.pylori IgG to investigate H.pylori infection and detection anti-cag-A IgG titer by ELISA method, while measurement of (T3), (T4), (TSH) and (ATPO) by (e601 cobas) automated immunoassay analyzer. Results: The results of the study recorded a significant increase in mean of TSH concentration (P < 0.01) in patients group particularly in hypothyroidism patients, and a significant increase recorded (P < 0.01) in patients according ATPO level in comparison to control group. On other hand the highest prevalence of H.pylori IgG positive (84%) occur in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) group followed by (63%) for non-AITD while (56%) occur in control group. The results also recorded a highly significant increase in titer of H.pylori IgG (P < 0.01) in patient group as compared to control group, the proportion of female was significantly higher in AITD group (75%), however, there was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the level of anti-cag IgG in patients as compared to control group, The ratio of infection with H.pylori was greater in the Hashimoto’s thyroiditis group (85.2%) than in the Graves’ disease group (82.4%). Conclusion: our findings state that H. pylori by expressing Cag A may have an impact on the development of autoimmunity thyroiditis.
Assessment of some immunological markers in patients and vaccinated individuals with COVID-19 in Kirkuk city
Oct 10, 2023Journal Medical Journal of Babylon
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_171_22
Issue 1
Volume 20
Background: Infection with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) can trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in large inflammatory reactions later in the disease. The initiation of immunological responses entails a complicated interaction between innate immune components, which quickly respond in a nonspecific manner, and specialized components of the immune system can recognize specific epitopes of antigens. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess some co-stimulating molecules in patients with COVID-19 (hospitalized and nonhospitalized) and vaccinated individuals compared with a control group in Kirkuk city. Materials and Methods: The immunological markers under study in which our methods tried to estimate them are CD28, CD80, and CD86. From 90 individuals of patients with COVID-19, vaccinated persons, and control group blood samples were collected and centrifuged to get the serum to carry out the immunological analysis. Through using nasopharyngeal swabs that were collected from non-hospitalized patients (patients out of the hospital), coronavirus infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, PCR tests were run on the control group to make sure they were not infected with COVID-19.
Assessment of some hematological factors in patients with COVID-19 and vaccinated individuals in Kirkuk city
Oct 10, 2023Journal Medical Journal of Babylon
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_358_22
Issue 1
Volume 20
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2), which is considered to be the main reason of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), initiates a multisystem inflammatory condition. The COVID-19 progression is thought to be influenced by hematological abnormalities. A complete blood count (CBC) is a repeatedly used, reasonably priced, and promptly performed testing technique that may be helpful in those processes. The predominance of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is determined by d-dimer values. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the hematological factors in patients with COVID-19 and vaccinated individuals in Kirkuk city. Subject and Methods: Samples were taken from 167 participants aged 20 to 45 years, including men and women, from December 2021 to March 2022; these samples were taken randomly from patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized and nonhospitalized, those who had received vaccine, and a control group (healthy people who do not have diseases). Samples of nasopharyngeal swabs were also collected from outpatients infected with COVID-19, and the infection was verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, PCR was done for control group and performed CBC and d-dimer tests for all samples. Results: Concerning to hematological tests, the outcomes have revealed significant results between study groups with WBC (P < 0.0001), RBC (P < 0.0001), lymphocyte (P < 0.0001), granulocyte (P < 0.0001), HB (P < 0.0001), HCT (P < 0.0001), MCH (P < 0.0017), PLT (P < 0.0455), and d-dimer (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 have a reliable pattern of CBC parameter changes and normal values in the vaccinated individual.
Study of the Immune Response of COVID-19 Patients in Kirkuk Province
Oct 3, 2023Journal Medical Journal of Babylon
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_159_22
Issue 1
Volume 20
Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); it is diagnosed based on clinical signs and laboratory detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological techniques. Objective: The objective of the study is to use other diagnostic methods that support the PCR method of diagnosis for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The study included 90 COVID-19 patients and 26 control group. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the suspected patients with COVID-19 infection for the detection of the RNA virus by PCR technique. If the PCR was positive, the serum samples were collected and used for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 (IgM, IgG) by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The result of this study showed that in a total of 116 participants, there was a significant difference between IgM and IgG reactivity (±) and the number of PCR-positive and negative individuals with P value <0.0001 and P value = 0.003, respectively. In addition, a significant increase in the levels of IgM and IgG (P ≤ 0.0001 for IgM and P ≤ 0.0001 for IgG) was recorded in patients compared with healthy control. Moreover, a significant correlation between IgM level with P = 0.0018 and the onset of symptoms as well as positive correlation was noticed between IgG concentration and the onset of symptoms (P = 0.0272). Conclusion: The study concluded that antibodies developed against COVID-19 infection could appear at early stages of the infection without the confirmation of real time polymerase chain reaction, and this could be a beneficial tool for early screening of suspected as well as asymptomatic individuals.
Role of glutathione reduction in causation severe complications of coronavirus disease-2019
Oct 3, 2023Journal Medical Journal of Babylon
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
DOI 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_178_22
Issue 1
Volume 20
Background: Coronavirus is a pandemic disease that emerged in China in 2019 with severe respiratory syndromes in conjunction with organ failure and advanced mortality rate where it has attracted worldwide interest. The pathogenicity of the virus increases by exacerbated oxidative stress that leads to the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Frequently, those free radicals are neutralized by antioxidants, especially glutathione. Objective: Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of glutathione in the pathogenicity of the virus alongside certain blood parameters. Materials and Methods: In this study, 90 participants were examined for glutathione levels using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit in addition to the levels of hemoglobin (Hb). Ferritin and vitamin D3 were also measured as they are linked to the level of glutathione in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Result: The lowest level of Reduced glutathione in COVID-19 hospitalized patients especially male patients alongside with vitamin D3 and Hb levels. Whereas a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ferritin level was recorded. However, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ferritin level was recorded. Conclusion: This study showed a significant relationship between glutathione level and disease severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, where the depletion of the glutathione level may have a central role in COVID-19 severity and pathophysiology.
Effect of H. pylori infection on incidence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in men and women
Sep 30, 2023Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v2i3.312
Issue 3
Volume 2
There are some controversial studies that associate Helicobacter pylori infection with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The study aimed to evaluate the effect of H. pylori infection on the development of thyroid diseases, so the study was carried out on 90 patients (male and female) with thyroid disorders, and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Venous blood samples were drawn from all participants, and serum was obtained after centrifugation and kept in labeled Eppendorf tubes then stored at -20°C till used in biochemical and immunological assays including estimation of anti-H. pylori IgG and Anti-cag-A IgG titer by ELISA method, while assessment of Tri-iodothyronine (T3), tetra iodothyroixine (T4), and thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) by (e601 Cobas) automated immunoassay analyzer. The result recorded a significant decrease in TSH concentration (P < 0.05) in the hyperthyroidism group and a significant increase in TSH concentration (P < 0.05) in hypothyroidism patients whereas the concentration of T4 and T3 recorded a significant increase (P < 0.05) in hyperthyroidism group while a significant decrease in T4 and T3 concentrations (P < 0.05) occur in hypothyroidism patients when compared with control (Euthyroidism) group. On the other hand, there is a significant increase (p <0.05)in the titer of H.pylori IgG and the titer of anti-cag IgG in both females and males of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism groups in comparison to control Euthyroidism group. The highest prevalence of H.pylori IgG positive ( 74.5%) occurs hypothyroidism group followed by (71.4%) for hyperthyroidism patients while (56%) occurs in the control group (Euthyroidism). In conclusion, our findings indicated that H.pylori infection is more susceptible in thyroid disorder patients, and anti –Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies distribution among hypothyroidism is greater than in other groups.
Identification and antibiotics Sensitivity of Secondary Bacterial Infection in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pneumonia patients in Kirkuk/Iraq
Apr 2, 2023Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v2i1.303
Issue 1
Volume 2
The unusual virus, now known as Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread fast throughout China and other regions of the world due to its remarkable ability for human-to-human transmission. Patients with COVID-19 commonly experience significant morbidity and mortality from subsequent bacterial infections. Aim: To determine the incidence of typical bacterial infections in COVID-19 pneumonia, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenusa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Hundred sputum samples were taken from individuals who had been identified as having the developing Coronavirus and were dwelling in intensive care units in Hospitals (Al Shifa hospital) in Kirkuk city/Iraq. The BDph Phoenix m50 procedure was used to test the antibiotic sensitivity of samples collected on various culture mediums, then transferred to pure cultures and diagnosed. The total of 100 patients, 60% of them had a secondary bacterial infection, whereas 40% of them did not. The most common isolated species was Staphylococcus aureus identification at (40%) followed by K. pneumoniae (33%), Pseud. aeruginosa (22%), and E. coli (5%). The majority of the identified strains were resistant to the study's antibiotics. This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infected critically sick individuals had a very high frequency of subsequent bacterial infection. The pathogenic bacteria that were identified for this investigation were resistant to the majority of the antibiotics that were utilized.
Evaluation of the Immunochromatography Assay's Diagnostic Performance for Quickly Detecting the Presence of COVID-19 Antigen in Patients with Positive PCR Results
Dec 23, 2022Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v1i4.309
Issue 1
Volume 4
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) is the novel infectious disease agent that causes COVID-19. The laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 is based on nucleic acid-based virus genome sequencing and real-time PCR and serological methods, rapid antigenic testing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of the immunochromatography method by comparing it with PCR in covid-19 diagnosis. The study involved 116 samples, 90 samples included covid-19 patients and 26 samples included healthy, as a control group. Two nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) were taken, one for an antigenic test cassette and the other swab for re-confirmation of the infection by a real-time RT-PCR. The result of this study showed that there was a significant difference (P value = 0.0001) between RT PCR and rapid Ag tests in patients and healthy groups. The low sensitivity recorded for rapid antigen detection kits was 69% and 70%, respectively, compared with the 100% sensitivity of PCR. This study demonstrated an elevated positive rate of rapid Ag positive during the period (8–14 days) of symptoms onset. This study concluded that the rapid antigen test is a helpful tool for detecting the presence of COVID-19 infection, but it may not be the best alternative due to its low sensitivity.
Comparison of Some Biochemical Parameters in Covid-19 Patients and Vaccinated Individuals in Kirkuk/Iraq
Dec 23, 2022Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v1i4.301
Issue 4
Volume 1
Corona virus2019(Covid-19) or severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) has been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) are global clinical biomarkers have been important in determining its severity, although its aspect have been well characterized, so the aim of this study is to investigate some common alteration in some biochemical parameters in serum of covid-19patients (hospitalized and non-hospitalized, vaccinated and control group. Study Design: The study conducted across sectional study in cohort of 167(40 hospitalized covid-19 whom paid a visit to Al-Shifaa-14 hospital, Kirkuk, from Iraq, 30 non-hospitalized covid-19, 67vaccinated individuals and 30 control healthy group), from december20,2021 till 20 March 2022. Their ages ranging from (20-75) years. The total 167 patients ,79 males and 88 were females. Age, comorbidities, and abnormalities in several clinical biomarkers have all been shown to be important in determining the severity of covid-19 illness in several investigations. Although the clinical aspects of COVID-19 have been well characterized, the assessment of changes in the most common biochemical indicators reported in COVID-19 patients is still lacking. So the study aimed to investigate common alterations in some biochemical parameters in the serum of COVID-19 patients (hospitalized and non-hospitalized), vaccinated individuals and control group. Sampling: Blood samples were collected from 167 individuals, then centrifuged to obtain serum for the biochemical tests that included B. urea and creatinine, Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT), Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from non-hospitalized of COVID-19 infection which was confirmed using real-time PCR technique. The study's findings revealed substantial variations in biochemical parameters between the examined groups in terms of creatinine (value >0.001) and urea (value >0.0001), as well as significant differences in GOT (value >0.0001) and ALP (value >0.0001). So this study can have concluded that patients infected with Covid-19 (hospitalized and infected outside the hospital- subsequently) have an increase in most biochemical parameters, however the effect was lower in the vaccinated group.
Identification and antibiotics Sensitivity of Secondary Bacterial Infection in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pneumonia patients in Kirkuk/Iraq
Oct 27, 2022Journal NTU Journal of Pure Sceinces
Publisher NTU
DOI https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v2i1
Issue 1
Volume 2
The unusual virus, now known as Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread fast throughout China and other regions of the world due to its remarkable ability for human-to-human transmission. Patients with COVID-19 commonly experience significant morbidity and mortality from subsequent bacterial infections. Aim: To determine the incidence of typical bacterial infections in COVID-19 pneumonia, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenusa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Hundred sputum sampleswere taken from individuals who had been identified as having the developing Coronavirus and were dwelling in intensive care units in Hospitals (Al Shifa hospital) in Kirkuk city/Iraq. The BDph Phoenix m50 procedure was used to test the antibiotic sensitivity of samples collected on various culture mediums, then transferred to pure cultures and diagnosed. The total of 100 patients, 60% of them had a secondary bacterial infection, whereas 40% of them did not. The most common isolated species was Staphylococcus aureus identification at (40%) followed by K. pneumoniae (33%), Pseud. aeruginosa (22%), and E. coli (5%). The majority of the identified strains were resistant to the study's antibiotics. This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infected critically sick individuals had a very high frequency of subsequent bacterial infection. The pathogenic bacteria that were identified for this investigation were resistant to the majority of the antibiotics that were utilized.
The irritable bowel syndrome prevalence of amidst Iraqi inhabitance in Kirkuk via utilizing of Rome IV gauge
Aug 1, 2022Journal Kirkuk Journal of Medical Sciences
Publisher University of Kirkuk
DOI 10.32894/kjms.2022.133974.1027
Issue 2
Volume 10
Background: The most common functional gastrointestinal disorder is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). food can act a function in stimulation presentations. Using the Rome IV criteria, we calculated the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and it’s types amidst Iraqi inhabitance. Method and patient: A descriptive cross-sectional treatise carried out in the outpatient clinics at two prime Kirkuk infirmary. Between November 2019 and February 2022, a total of 2638 people (1412 men and 1226 women) completed a questionnaire with three sections (sociodemographic, Rome IV, and food constraints). We used appropriateness sampling. Result: irritable bowel syndrome was documented in 208 people (7.90%), with 52 percent of them having IBSM (mixed) type. Women had a higher prevalence than men (4.90 versus 3.00 %; P value = 0.006). There was a presumed link inter alia having Irritable bowel syndrome presentation and having a minimal revenue (P value = 0.0100) and idle (P value= 0.0001). Conclusions: Irritable bowel syndrome is less prevalent in Iraqi society. The highest correlations with IBS are female genus, minimal family revenue, plus occupational situation. outlook society treatises can provide a chance to discuss educational varies and diet priorities.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infections in cattle in Kirkuk province
Aug 1, 2021Publisher University of Mosul - College of Veterinary Medicine
DOI 10.33899/ijvs.2020.126832.1394
Issue 2
Volume 35
Neospora caninum was identified as a coccidian parasite as in 1988, before that date it was misclassified as Toxoplasma gondii based on structural similarities. The aim of this study was to determine theseroprevalence of N. caninum in cattle in Kirkuk Province. A total of 185 cattle serum samples were collected randomly. Data about ages, gender and abortion history of females were recorded. Serum samples were examined by using ELISA as a screening test for the detection of anti- N. caninum IgG antibodies of past infection. Results showed that 53 (28.6%) cattle were seropositive infected, with significantly higher seropositive infection of age group >2 years in comparison to other age groups 94.3%. The distribution of N. caninum of total infected cattle showed that the seropositive infection in females were 47(88.7%), which was more than males 6 (11.3%) with a highly significant difference. There were 22(48.8%) aborted cattle out of 47 infected cattle with N. caninum with no significant difference in comparison with the healthy group.
Mutation occurrence in nad1 and cox1 genes of human strain hydatid cysts isolated from infected patients
Apr 15, 2021Journal Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health
Publisher Africa Health Research Organization
DOI http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24423
Issue 4
Volume 24
In this study, (50) clinically and surgically proven patients infected with hydatid cyst were followed up in Izady Hospital Kirkuk/Iraq during the period from 1st April 2019 to 1st March 2020. Results showed that the incidence of human hydatid cyst infections in females 34 (68%) was higher than males 16 (32%). The ages of patients ranged between (5-70) years. The highest rate of hydatidosis occurred among the age group (31-40) (18%) followed by the age group(41-50) (14%), while the lowest rate occurred among the age group(61-70) (2%). Distribution of hydatidosis in patients according to the location of infection showed that the liver 26 (52%) was the most affected organ, followed by the lung 18 (36%) and the spleen 6(12%). All the DNA specimens were successful in presenting amplicons of cox1 and nad1 genes when compared with the control specimens (450 & 400 bp, respectively). Among the DNA specimens based on cox1 & nad1 sequence data, only (3) genotypes G1, G3 and G6 were identified. Among the study population, only genotype (1) was the most frequently available one. Out of the 50 study samples, 12 samples showed mutation at position 40 (A to G), 56(C to T), 170 (G to A), and 252 (C to T) & 282(C to T) in comparison with the reference strain M84663. No mutation in G6 genotype that comes with camel strain M84663 was observed. Keywords: Hydatid cyst, Mutation, cox1gene, nad1gene, Iraq
Seroprevalence of Camels Listeriosis, Brucellosis and Toxoplasmosis from Kirkuk Province-Iraq.
Apr 1, 2021Journal Pakistan Veterinary Journal, , , Issue 3, p335
Publisher Faculty Of Veterinary Science, University Of Agriculture
DOI 10.29261/pakvetj/2021.030
Issue 3
Volume 41
This study was conducted to diagnose the seroprevalence of Listeriosis, Brucellosis, and Toxoplasmosis in camels from Kirkuk province in Iraq. Seventy-six serum samples were randomly collected and analyzed from camels from April to September 2018. Three serological diagnostic methods were used; Osebold agglutination test (OAT), Serum tube agglutination test (SAT) and Sabin- Feldman dye test (SFDT). From all serum samples that were collected, 42(55.26%) showed infections with Listeria, Brucella, and Toxoplasma as following 15(19.7%), 7(9.2%), and 20(26.3%) respectively. Additionally, the study revealed a highly significant relationship between aborted camels and their infection with Brucellosis and Toxoplasmosis (58.3%). In contrast, infections with these pathogens have no significant relationship with the sex and age of the camels. Risk factors of abortion were related to the high prevalence of Brucellosis and Toxoplasmosis in camels' herds. Furthermore, this study found out that the camels in Kirkuk city might be the source of these infectious agents and disseminated the diseases to the human through their contaminated dairy products and meat.
Genetic change and biochemical variations occurrence in patients with Toxoplasma gondii infections.
Jun 1, 2020Journal EurAsian Journal of Biosciences
Publisher Foundation for Enviromental Protection and Research
Issue 1
Volume 14
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread infection that has many risks to the humans. In this study, serum specimen were taken from 50 toxoplasmosis patients and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. The study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Iraq during the period from 1st December 2019 to 1st March 2020. The results showed that the prevalence of Toxoplasma infections was highest among the age group 20-29 years and females were more susceptible to infection than males 11 (22.0%). The levels of blood glucose was abnormal among 8 (16%) of the patients, while the levels of urea and creatinine were abnormal among 7 (14%) and 5 (10%) of toxoplasmosis patients respectively. There was a noticeable variation in the levels of liver function parameters as it showed abnormal GPT results among 10 (20%), GOT 14 (28%) and ALP 11 (22%) with no significant differences (P>0.05). Results of lipid profile showed abnormal levels of serum cholesterol among 11 (22%), abnormal triglyceride among 13 (26%), abnormal HDL among 6 (12%) and abnormal LDL among 5 (10%) toxoplasmosis patients. the changes in PKL/DUAL gene for SNPs positions showed the mutation in the resistant clones of PLK/DUAL res1 and PLK/DUAL res2 genes in 8 chromosomal positions in patients with toxoplasmosis, the change was at A>C, C>T, A>T, T>A, T>C, G>T, T>C and T>A.
Seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus IgG antibody in Type2 diabetes mellitus patients.
May 1, 2020Journal EurAsian Journal of Biosciences
Publisher Foundation for Enviromental Protection and Research
DOI -
Issue 2
Volume 14
Seroprevalence of Anti Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM in Healthy Blood Donors in Kirkuk City
Sep 1, 2017Journal Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences
Publisher Babylon University
DOI -
Issue 3
Volume 25
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate and intracellular, parasitic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis. It has a worldwide distrebution, and its capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals. In the current study ninety one serum samples from a healthy blood donors in a blood bank in Kirkuk General Hospital were collected (eighty six males and five females).The data which collected from each donor was involve age, sex, blood group and Rh. The serum samples were examined for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgM and IgG) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The overall prevalence of the parasite was 18.7%. From the ninety one serum samples examined 10.9 % was positive for IgG, and 5.5% was positive for IgM and the positive rate of both IgG and IgM was 2.2 % (significant differences between them were present). The blood group A+ was the blood group which is the most significantly infected with Toxplasma with rate of 33.3%. The male age group which was most significantly infected with parasite was 43-46 years with rate of 50 %, and the most female age group which was infected was 35-38 years with rate of 100%. The conclusions of this study is that the most Toxoplasma infection more for chronic cases and the most individuals which are at risk for Toxoplasmosis are those peoples having A+ blood group.
Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity in Kirkuk City Children and its Relationship with Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Serum Magnesium
Apr 11, 2012Journal Kirkuk Journal of Science
Publisher University of Kirkuk
DOI -
Issue 3
Volume 8
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic bacterial infection worldwide distribution which infects at least 50% of world's human population. There is evidence that acquisition of H. pylori occur mainly in early childhood. The aims of this study were: A) to evaluate the early diagnosis and the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children in Kirkuk city by using an immunochromatography method which is rapid, visually read qualitative serologic test for the detection of human IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in the patient’s serum. B) investigation of the probable association of serum magnesium (Mg+2) level with Helicobacter pylori infection in the patients. Blood samples were collected from one-hundred fifty two child patients asses the (60 boy and 92 girls) their age ranged between 1 month-16 years. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed in 33 children (21.71%). The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was an increase with children’s age and there was a significant relationship between seropositivity and vomiting 8 (24.24%), magnesium 7 (21.21%). There was no significant relationship between RAP 24 (72.72%), chronic diarrhea 6 (18.18%) and sex as showed statistically by chi _square (x2). We conclude that high serum magnesium level associated with high risk of infection with H. pylori. Helicobacter pylori infection increases with the children’s age. There was no association between H. pylori infection and the gastrointestinal symptoms (RAP and chronic diarrhea, vomiting was excluded).
A serological study of brucellosis in camels south of Kirkuk, Iraq
Feb 22, 2012Journal Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Publisher University of Mosul - College of Veterinary Medicine
DOI 10.33899/ijvs.2012.67484
Issue 2
Volume 26
A study of the prevalence of antibodies to camel brucellosis has been carried out in the south of Kirkuk city during March 2011. A total of 66 camels (6 male, 60 female) involved in this study with age between 6 months to 22 years. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein and the sera samples were screened by using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). The sera that were positive by using RBPT have been tested again by using the 2-Mercaptoethanol (2ME) test. The results of this study revealed that two camels from 66 camels (3.03%) were seropositive for brucella antibodies in South of Kirkuk city.
The Comparison of Polymerase Chain Reaction Directed to the 529 bp Gene and the B1 Gene in the Detection of Experimental Mouse Toxoplasmosis
Oct 10, 2009Journal Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences
Publisher Turkiye Klinikleri
DOI -
Issue 1
Volume 29
This study was performed to evaluate and compare the sensitivity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the 529 base pair (bp) gene and B1 gene to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA. Material and Methods: A total of 49 mice (Mus domesticus domesticus) were divided into 4 groups and they were infected with tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain. Brain, liver, spleen and blood samples were obtained from infected mice at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following the onset of the infection. The extracted DNAs were amplified by using primers designed for the 529 bp gene and the B1 gene. Results: Both PCR assays succeeded to detect T. gondii DNA in most mice after 24 hours of infection. For each sample type, 529 bp gene PCR was more sensitive than B1 gene PCR in detecting T. gondii DNA (McNemar p< 0.05). The smallest number of tachyzoites, that Toxo DNA could be detected by B1 and 529 bp repeat gene PCR assays was 1 x 104 tachyzoites/mL and 1 x 102 tachizoites/mL respectively, by using DNAs from serial tachizoite dilutions. Conclusion: For the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in mice, 529 bp PCR was more sensitive than B1 PCR to detect T. gondii DNA.
Investigating hemolytic activity of Candida isolates with two different methods.
Oct 7, 2009Journal Asian Journal of Chemistry
Publisher Asian Publication Corporation
DOI -
Issue 3
Volume 21
The hemolytic activity of Candida isolates with agar and microplate methods were investigated and compared efficiency of these methods to assess relationship between hyphal formation and hemolysis.