Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Local Food Markets: Molecular Factors

Apr 29, 2024

Journal Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology

publisher Ebtsam Abaas Magthab Asmaa M S Al Bayati

Issue 02

Volume 02

Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. linked with food remains a primary concern globally as it is associated between animals and humans, causing foodborne illness and zoonotic diseases. One hundred Salmonella isolates out of 241 swab specimens taken from slaughtered chicken were identified and investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Ampicillin (62%), tetracycline (59%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (46%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (35%), and ceftriaxone (24%) were the drugs with the highest prevalence of impedance. At 12%, 11%, and 8%, respectively, resistance to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and azithromycin was very negligible. In order to assess the frequency of resistance genes, six different kinds of genes were examined in this research. The findings revealed that the proportion of these genes included in the survey were tetA (10%), blaCMY-2 (32%), dfrA7 (17%), tetC (20%), sul2 (25%) , and blaTEM-1 (47%).

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Molecular Analysis of Some Virulence Genes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Wound and Burn Samples in Kirkuk city

Nov 26, 2023

Journal Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology

publisher Ebtsam Abaas Magthab

DOI https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.6.4

Issue 06

Volume 02

Background: Gram-negative infections caused by non-spore producing E. coli that are facultatively anaerobic have been recognized as serious infections linked to higher mortality and significant costs associated with medical care. Aim: The goal of this study was to determine whether or not a number of E. coli strains are capable of producing virulence genes by using a technique called real time PCR. Materials and Methods: 155 people with burns and wounds had their cultures obtained, and susceptibility testing using swabs, tissue biopsies, and needle aspirations were performed. When compared to other techniques of specimen collection, swab cultures yield precise results and are a practicable, widely utilized, non-invasive, and cost-effective method. The two most recommended techniques for obtaining specimens are tissue biopsy and needle aspiration. Swab cultures, on the other hand, are appropriate since they are useful, widely applied, non-invasive, and reasonably priced. Samples from patients were collected in the consultation rooms, including swabs from burns and wounds. The sufferers had these taken from them. Before being identified, smear samples were initially cultivated in the lab on several selective media. Transport media-filled sterile collection containers containing these samples were brought to the lab. Results: According to the study's findings, E. coli was found in 27.10% of the burns and wounds samples. According to the study's findings, the majority of patients with E. coli infections (71.43 percent) were females, while only 28.57 percent were males. According to the study's findings, 28.57 percent of patients diagnosed with E. coli infections were between the ages of 31 and 40. The investigation also indicated that all of the sputum samples containing E. coli isolates were from patients above the age of 40. Furthermore, 45 percent of urine samples were collected from patients aged 31 to 40, and 42.86 percent of patients had wound infections. When examined using the MTP technique, fifty percent of the E. coli isolates tested positive for being potent biofilm producers, according to the study's findings. The DNA of 12 distinct E. coli bacterial isolates was isolated and purified using a genomic DNA purification kit. The bacteria were cultured on chromogenic agar medium to produce these E. coli isolates. The results were detected using electrophoresis on agarose gel at a concentration of 1.5 percent. The gel was then exposed to ultraviolet light, which revealed the DNA as compact bands. The virulence gene was found in 95.24 percent of the E. coli isolates taken from burn and wound sites, according to the study's findings. The majority of E. coli isolates tested positive for amikacin, imipenem, and gentamycin, according to the study's findings. The majority of E. coli isolates, on the other hand, were resistant to the medications amoxicillin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, pefloxacin, cefepime, and ampicillin.

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Correlation of IL-15 with viral load of hepatitis B and its role in the clearance of the virus

Dec 22, 2022

Journal Biomedicine (India)

publisher Ebtsam Abaas Magthab

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i6.2431

Issue 6

Volume 42

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes hepatitis B infection resulting in acute and chronic liver damage. Diagnosis of HBV involves blood tests that can distinguish acute and chronic infections. Molecular tests are also available that aid in viral detection and quantification. HBV infected individuals exhibit increasing levels of cytokines throughout the progress of infection which is thought to play an important role in the virus clearance process. Hence in this study we aim to evaluate the role of IL-15 in clearance of hepatitis B virus in acute and chronic infection. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based investigation conducted in Baghdad, Iraq comprised 34 patients with HBV infection and 30 apparently healthy individuals aged between 20-75 years. Blood drawn from each individual was subjected to ELISA and RT-PCR assays for detection of the virus. The serum obtained was assayed for IL-15 levels. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained. Results: HBsAg was detected in all acute hepatitis B patients. The study revealed that 85.29 % of acute hepatitis B patients with HBsAg by ELISA were positive by RT-PCR. The viral load was highest in patients aged 40-49 years. Patients with acute hepatitis B but detected negative by RT-PCR had the highest mean IL-15 level (22.17 pg/ml) compared to patients positive by RT-PCR and the control group (11.16 and 4.21 pg/ml, respectively). A strong negative association (R = -0.8657) existed between IL-15 level and viral load in patients with acute hepatitis B. Conclusion: High levels of IL-15 are associated with the HBV clearance in patients with acute hepatitis.

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Biological study of Ampicillin Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles Against Staphylococcus aureus (in vitro experiment)

Dec 19, 2022

Journal International Journal of Studies in Natural and Medical Sciences

publisher Ebtsam Abaas Magthab

DOI https://scholarsdigest.org/index.php/ijsnms/article/view/29

Issue 02

Volume 02

Abstract The current work aimed to study the effects of ampicillin conjugated silver nanoparticles against S. aureus. S. aureus were collected and selected from 70 patients (strains were found in samples in the 17(24.3%)) with urinary tract infection who were admittable in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk city during a period from September 2021 to January 2022. In vitro activity, Ampicillin conjugated silver nanoparticles against highly multi resistance strains were evaluated by inhibition zone testing method. The results demonstrated that the UV spectrum showed maximum absorption (λ max) at 422 nm. Samples were collected from patients' wounds and as shown in Table (1). A total of 150 samples were taken from UTI patients, with an average of 91 (60.7%) samples for males and 59 (39.3%) for females. The results found that the isolated samples showed positive bacterial growth that was grown on optimal culture media such as blood agar by 68(45.3%), while the percentage of negative growth was 82(54.7%). The susceptibility test for staphylococcus aureus showed a different inhibition zone where the diameter of the inhibition for Aztreonam was 11.3 mm, while the diameter of the inhibition for Tobramycin was 15.8 mm. As for Trimethoprim and Ampicillin only, the inhibition zone diameter was 4.2 and 3.1 mm, respectively. On the other hand, inhibition zone diameter after using ampicillin conjugated silver nanoparticles, reached 42.7 mm. Therefore, it is concluded from the current study that ampicillin conjugated silver has antibacterial effects against staphylococcus aureus.

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Modes of Transmission and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Aureus (Review)

Oct 11, 2022

Journal Himalayan Journal of Applied Medical Sciences and Research

publisher Ebtisam A.Magthab, Asmaa M S Al Bayati, Vian I,Husain

DOI DOI : 10.47310/hjamsr.2022.v03i02.040

Issue 06

Volume 03

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen which colonizes the epidermis and nasal passages of the anterior slits, the alimentary canal, the genitourinary tract, and the pharynx. There are numerous ailments that this bacterium can cause, from mild infections of the skin to fatal pneumonia and sepsis. Bacteria from S. aureus can pass easily through one genus to another. The transition from humans to animals. S. aureus infections are zoonotic. It can be spread from animal to person by bites, scratches, working with diseased animal body parts or bones, and skin sores developed during contact with sick or carrier animals. The treatment of infections that caused by S. aureus is complicated by resistance of the antibiotic, and there is no effective vaccination. The incredibly high number of toxins as well as other virulence factors produced by S. aureus, as well as their impact on disease, have sparked ongoing and growing interest.

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