Evaluation of Preoperative CA15-3 Level and its Relationship with Clinico-Pathological Characteristics in Primary Breast Cancer Patients

Jun 1, 2022

Journal Journal of Techniques

publisher Braihan Hamdi Hameed 1*, Izzat Abdulsatar Al-Rayahi1, Salwa S. Muhsin2

DOI 10.51173/3/jt

Issue 2

Volume 4

Cancer antigen15-3 (CA15-3) is utilized as a tumor marker in breast cancer. In the metastatic situation, it has been regarded as having a predictive role. However, the usefulness of serum CA15-3 in preoperative breast cancer remains argumentative. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the association of preoperative serum CA15-3 level with the clinico-pathological characteristics in Iraqi women patients with breast tumor and their efficiency for the prediction of primary breast cancer. Preoperative CA15-3 levels were assessed by ELISA technique in 60 Iraqi women with breast tumor (30 with primary breast cancer and 30 with benign breast tumor) before surgery and treatment, as well as 30 healthy controls. In addition, the clinico-pathological characteristics information of all the patients was reported. CA15-3 level showed a significant difference between its level in the sera of primary breast cancer women in comparison to the benign breast tumor women (p <0.001) and healthy control women one (p <0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of CA15-3 for discriminating patients with primary breast cancer and healthy control subjects was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.589 to 0.828). Furthermore, the present study showed that higher preoperative CA15-3 level was significantly associated with a larger tumor size and lymph node metastasis. This means that elevated CA15-3 is correlated with an increased tumor burden, suggesting its predictive value.

Read Publication

The Preoperative Serum Levels of the Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a and Their Association with Clinico-Pathological Factors in Breast Cancer Patients

May 26, 2022

Journal Archives of Razi Institute

publisher Hameed, B. H1 *, Abdulsatar Al-Rayahi, I2, Muhsin, S. S3

DOI 10.22092/ARI.2022.358193.2173

Issue 5

Volume 77

Breast cancer is a common women malignancy worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that various complement molecules function as an immune suppressors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore this study aimed to investigate the role of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in the propagation of breast cancer and their relationships with clinicopathological factors in Iraqi women suffering from breast tumors. ELISA technique was used to determine the serum anaphylatoxins C3a and C4a levels in 60 Iraqi women with breast tumors (30 with primary breast cancer and 30 with benign breast tumor) before surgery and treatment as 30 healthy controls. In addition, the clinicopathological factors of all the patients were collected. The result showed a significantly increased level of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a (P<0.001) in primary breast cancer patients than in benign breast tumor and healthy control women. The area under the curve (AUC) of C3a and C5a for distinguishing patients with primary breast cancer and healthy control subjects was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.768 to 0.948) and 0.953 (95% CI: 0.865 to 0.991) respectively. C5a correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and histologic grade III, whereas C3a only with lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, preoperative levels of C5a exhibit high accuracy for primary breast cancer than C3a. C5a correlated with tumor burden more than C3a and suggested an enhancing effect of C5a on BC proliferation. Thus, suggesting prognostic value for C5a in primary BC.

Read Publication

Prognostic significance of preoperative IL-35, IL-38 serum levels and MMP-9 tissue expression, and their association with clinicopathological factors in breast cancer patients

May 1, 2022

Journal Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences

publisher Braihan Hamdi Hameed 1*, Izzat Abdulsatar Al-Rayahi1, Salwa S. Muhsin2

Issue 2

Volume 140

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancers among women today. Interleukine-35 (IL-35), interleukine-38 (IL-38) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been reported to play a potential role of tumor development and aggressiveness. However, few studies have compared the expression of IL-35, IL-38 and mRNA MMP-9 between primary breast cancer and benign breast tumor. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate and compare the preoperative level of serum IL-35, IL-38 and the expression of mRNA MMP-9 of human breast cancer with benign breast tumor. In addition, elucidate the possible role of IL-35, IL38 and MMP-9 as prognostic markers for breast cancer and correlate it’s with the clinicopathological factors. A total of 90 Iraqi women including 60 patients with breast tumor (30 with primary breast cancer and 30 with benign breast tumor) and 30 healthy women were enrolled in the study. Blood and tissue sampling was done after taking a written consent. Preoperative serum level of IL-35 and IL-38 were measured for all participants by using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of mRNA MMP 9 expression was determined in 30 patients (20 with primary breast cancer and 10 with benign breast tumor) by using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). In addition, the clinicopathological factors of all the patients were collected. The result showed that serum IL-35 levels of patients with primary breast cancer was significantly higher compared with that of patients with benign breast tumor and in the healthy control group (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the serum IL-38 levels between patients with primary breast cancer, benign breast tumor and the healthy control group (P=0.78). The area under curve (AUC) of IL-35 and IL-38 for distinguishing patients with primary breast cancer and healthy control subjects was 1.000 (95% CI: 0.940 to 1.000) and 0.756 (95% CI: 0.628 to 0.858) respectively. High level of IL-35 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, and in patients with age ≥45 and with no family history for breast cancer (P<0.05), whereas IL-38, revealed a significant positive correlation with patients age ≥45, postmenopausal women and lymph node metastasis. The mRNA MMP-9 expression level was significantly raised in patients with primary breast cancer compared to the patients with benign breast tumor. A significant rise in mRNA MMP-9 expression was found in patients presenting with lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, preoperative levels of IL35 exhibit higher accuracy for primary breast cancer than IL-38. Our results suggest that serum IL-35 level and mRNA MMP-9 expression level are better markers than serum IL-38 in predicting breast cancer development and progression.

Read Publication

Viral hepatitis incidence among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals in Kirkuk city, Iraq

Nov 27, 2019

Journal Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

publisher Hiro M Obaid and Braihan H Hameed

Issue 6

Volume 7

Viral hepatitis is a common serious human disease, infecting liver. Hepatitis A, B and C viruses are most responsible for human infection. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of viral hepatitis in Kirkuk city and identify the role of the vaccination process. In order to do that, two methods (cassette and ELISA) were used to detect the hepatitis. The overall prevalence of the hepatitis was 8.6%. Of the 802 screened individuals, 217 of them were vaccinated and hepatitis appeared among the vaccinators with a rate of 5.1%. The most predominant viral type in the investigation, was HCV with a rate of 5.1%, followed by HBV and HAV each with a rate of 3.3, 0.25% respectively. Thalassemic patients had a higher incidence of hepatitis (18%), compared to other groups of the study, followed by patient's complaint form hepatic disorders. The conclusion is that; viral hepatitis type C is more prevalent among Kirkuk population than type B and A. People vaccinated against the disease may appear to be infected with the virus. Thalassemia patients are more at risk to have hepatitis infections. Therefore the recommendation is that; more advanced tests are better used to test blood before receiving it, especially in thalassemia patients. Kirkuk residences are better to pay more attention to the vaccination process for more protection against hepatitis, especially those non-vaccinated or who have not received booster doses, more serious attempts need to make effective vaccine against type C virus.

Read Publication

Increased Serum Interleukin-10 Could lead to Allergic Disease Development in Helicobacter pylori Infected Adult

Jan 1, 2019

Journal Energy Procedia

publisher Sahlah Kh. Abbasa, Braihan H.Hameedb and Zubaida N.M.Albarzanjic*

Volume 157

Some research reported a protective effect of increased IL-10 in the development of allergic disease in children with H.pylori infection. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of increased serum IL-10 levels and allergic disease symptoms in adult infected with H. pylori ,furthermore we studied an association between ABO blood group with H. pylori infection. Methodes: Slide heamagglutination test was used to determine the blood group phenotype in 214 patients seropositiveH.pylori which they submitted to Azadi teaching hospital in Kirkuk city-Iraq for diagnosis and treatment, in addition serum levels of anti H. pylori antibody,IL-10, IL-4 and total IgE were assayed using ELISA kits for 70 patients, as well as for 20 healthy control. Results. The result showed significant increasing of the serum levels IL-10 and IL-4(P=0.000,0.003 respectively) and total IgE level (p=0.014) in H. pylori seropositive patients. Also the study showed higher incidence of H.pylori infection within O blood group of patients in compared with general population (p=0.000). Conclusion:H.pylori infection associated with increased IL-10 levels and IL-4 levels ,and IL-4 production may responsible for the increase in serum IgE level and higher incidence of infection in O blood phenotype may considered as an etiological risk factor for the development of H. pylori infection.

Read Publication

Screening for celiac disease using anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody assays in healthy students individuals

Jul 1, 2017

Journal Diyala Journal For Pure sciences

publisher Braihan Hamdi Hameed

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djps.1303.236A

Issue 3

Volume 13

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of seropositivity of celiac disease among apparently healthy individuals. Between December / 2014 to March / 2015, eighty four apparently healthy students (42 males and 42 females) of the Technical College/Kirkuk with mean age ± standard deviation of 22.25 ± 2.85 years where participated in the study. All subjects were serologically screened for the presence of immunoglobulin A and G of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG and IgG-tTG) by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In total, 84 students (42 males and 42 females). There was only five students (5.9%) who had a seropositive for celiac disease, including 4 females and 1 male, among them only one female showed positive results of both IgA and IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG and IgG-tTG), while the remaining students (3 females and 1 male) revealed negative results of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies and positive results of IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies. The Computerized Microsoft Excel program was performed by using proportions and mean ± standard deviation. In conclusions, positive celiac screening is existent at a high prevalence rate in our healthy individuals, in which the individuals' IgA deficiency are detected with the positivity of IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies. Females are more affected than males. A study widely is needed to estimate the real prevalence by substantiation of positive cases with histological examination.

Antibiosis resistant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens

Jun 18, 2014

Journal Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS)

publisher Siham Sh. AL-Salihi 1 , Braihan H. Hameed 2, Braihan H. Hameed 3

Issue 2

Volume 9

Objective: Detection of antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens in Kirkuk, Iraq. Material and Methods: The present study included (3138) samples collected from different clinical specimens from outpatients and inpatients of both sexes with different ages who were attended Azadi Teaching Hospital/ Kirkuk during the period from October/2007 until May/ 2013. Results: From a total of 3138 Specimens, 1485 gave positive cultured and 1653 Specimens showed no bacterial growth, 319/3138 (10.17%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa. These isolates were identified according to morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Wound and ear swab were important source for P. aeruginosa and isolated more frequently in inpatients than outpatients. The rate of isolation in females 169/319 (52.97%) was higher than males 150/319 (47.01%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of these isolates was performed, and the results showed that all Pseudomonas isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, cephradin and trimoxazole, followed by gentamycin (97.3%), Amoxicillin (97.3), cephalexin (92.3%), neomycin (91.4%), nalidixic acid (89%), nitrofurantoin (87.5%), tobramycin (87.5%) and ciprofloxacin (84%), and the resistance to amikacin was (75%). Conclusions: P. aeruginosa is multiresistant isolated in a high frequency from wound swabs followed by ear swabs.

Read Publication